PAINKANDA SECTIONS. I37 



dual passage. Most of the specimens of Otoceras ivoodwardi and 

 Xenodiscus sp. were found in close proximity immediately above the 

 Productus shales, whilst in the upper beds fossils become scarcer 

 and other types set in. 



They are overlaid in succession by hard grey limestones with 

 Muschelkalk species, whilst above that division follow beds of the 

 upper trias and rhaetic. 



The section on the western side of the Shal-Shal Valley is too 



much encumbered by slipped masses, and great 



Shal-Shal cliff. r . •,. . , . ,. , . 



fans of debris to allow measurements being 



taken, but this I could do easily on its eastern side, where a mag- 

 nificent cliff (profile Plate 13) offered every facility for so doing. 

 About 2 miles west of Shal-Shal camping ground I observed a small 

 fault, and west of the latter Spiti shales, which rest on earthy dark 

 shales of oolitic structure, containing amongst other fossils Rhyn- 

 chonella austriaca Sss. associated with grey limestone, which yielded 

 fossil traces of liassictype. Below that I found an uninterrupted, per- 

 fectly conformable group of limestones, shales and dolomites which 

 represents the entire rhaetic and triassic systems down to the Oto- 

 cera s passage beds, and permian Productus shales which rest on an 

 eroded surface of the white upper carboniferous quartzite 8. 



The entire thickness from the base of the Spiti shales to the 

 white quartzite I found to be, ignoring inches, exactly 3,920 feet, 

 namely : — 



Liassic and passage .....,, 26 feet. 



Rhaetic ........ 2,197 ,, 



Trias . 1,570 „ 



Permian ........ 127 ,, 



The detailed section is in descending order as follows: — 



Thickness. 

 Ft. In. 

 / 1. Black shales and cark earthy limestone with oolitic 

 \ structure containing : . . . . . . 13 o 



Lias. s. Belemnites bisulcatus Stol. 



' ,, tibe*icus ,, 





n S P- 



( 137 ) 



