PAINKANDA SECTIONS. 14I 



layas. It will be seen even from this description, at least three char- 

 acteristic divisions may be distinguished below the uppermost lime- 

 stones with liassic fossils. The lowest division which rests con- 

 formably on the upper trias is a great thickness of thick-bedded 

 dolomites and limestones ; the middle portion of the cliff shows chiefly 

 limestones, but they are thinner-bedded, show already shaly partings, 

 and conspicuous on the weathered surfaces of the rock are large sec- 

 tions of a Megalodon sp. Above this division follow mostly thin- 

 bedded Crinoid limestones with shales and sandstones, which is al- 

 together a much more varied series of beds. Lithodendron occurs in 

 all horizons, but is chiefly met with in the more massive limestone 

 of the upper beds, and amongst them appear several horizons charac- 

 terised by fossils typical of the Kcessen beds of the Alps. 



The whole sequence resembles strongly the rhaetic formations of 

 the Alps, both in lithological character and in the general distribution 

 of fossil inclosures ; the following division's might be compared with 

 Alpine horizons :— 



Numbers in the 



figured sections. In the Alps. 



f r x. Lithodendron limestones, interbedded with*\ TT , ...,, , 

 V , t r . . , .. ' , . , ) Hiiupi-Litkoden. 



is. Upper i sandstones, Lrinoid limestones, shales and f , T ,< „ 



RHAETIC. J containing several zones yielding Koessen V 1jr , . 



I . . f . o } Koessen beds. 



V. types, beds 22 to 84. J 



f 2- Thick-bedded limestones, here and there do- *i 

 14. Lower ) lomitic, with Megalodon sp., beds 13 to 21 ) Dachs tem Kalk. 



rh^tic. J I. Great development of dolomites and lime- "i 



(. stones, beds 1 to 12. j Haupt-dolomite. 



The beds which overlie this series conformably, some 26 feet in 

 this section only, represent a very interesting horizon. The upper- 

 most bed with fossils, there is no difficulty in identifying as lower 

 lias. It is remarkable how very constant this horizon remains 

 over wide areas. I have met with it along the whole extent of 

 country from the Nepdl frontier (Byans) to the Niti pass. Every- 

 where it contains some bed of dark shales with oolitic structure. 

 The small thickness of beds, represented by sub-division 85 in this 

 section, seems to form a passage from the true rhaetic horizons with 

 Lithodendron and Koessen fossils into the lias, with which I find it 



( Mi ) 



