PAINKANDA SECTIONS. 1 47 



Thickness, 

 Ft. In. 



Brought forward 1 ,551 9 



Xenodiscus gangeticus Dekon. 

 „ buchianus ,, 



,, demissus Opp. 



Trcechyceras gibbosum n s. 

 Upper 1. Dark, carbonaceous, crumbling shales, micaceous, weathering 



Permian i n reddish and deep-brown tints, giving it a variegated 



o[° ] Ct / U \ appearance, with a few thin beds of hard grey limestone. 



' y '* The general character of these shales is very similar to the 



shales above, which yielded Oioceras, but are more carbona- 

 ceous and even contain some indistinct traces of plant re- 

 mains, thickness ........ 127 o 



They yielded — 

 Monotis sp, 



Productus latirostratus Howse var. 

 Arcestes sp. 



Total thickness . 1,678 9 



The above series of beds rests on an eroded surface of the upper 

 carboniferous quartzite (8) as already shown. It forms one con- 

 tinuous whole, each sub-division passing gradually into the next higher 

 one. When I first visited the section I had failed to recognize the 

 lowest bed (1), the black shales with Productus as being distinct 

 from the lithological similar ones with Otoceras. 



I regard them as permian, and the Otoceras beds above as a pas- 

 sage series from the permian into the lower trias, with which it is 

 structurally closely connected in the Central Himalayas. The upper 

 beds of this division must then be a representative of the lowest 

 trias. The fauna contained in it, though some of the species remind 

 one of similar forms found in the Alpine Buntsandstein (Werfen 

 beds), has, on the whole, rather a permian character than triassic. 

 With bed 121 we gain a distinctly triassic horizon, which yielded 

 species allied to forms found in the Alpine lower trias. Above follow 

 beds which represent the whole series of middle and upper trias, 

 all of distinctly Alpine character. Even the very rock which has 

 yielded fossils identical, or at least closely related to Alpine forms, 

 resembles lithologically the equivalent Alpine horizon, and I was 



L 2 • ( 147 ) 



