I52 GRIESBACH: GEOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL HIMALAYAS, 



These areas are, the mountain mass of the Kurguthidhar, the 

 nameless peak (20,344') east of the Uja Tirche glacier, and the moun- 

 tain mass south-west of the Uttardhura Pass. These form, as it were, 

 low domes or inverted cup-shaped bosses in the great palaeozoic 

 anticlinal. The same structure in also traceable in the adjoining 

 permo-trias belt, as will be shown. 



In the neighbourhood of the Uttardhura the palaeozoic rocks form 

 a synclinal enclosing triassic beds ; I will describe this feature in 

 detail further on. 



The triangular shaped carboniferous ground south of the Kiangur 

 belongs to the north-east flank of the Uttardhura synclinal, though 

 greatly disturbed by the south-eastern extension of the Painkanda 

 fault, which may be traced so far. 



The boundary between the silurian system and the haimantas I 

 believe generally to be a faulted one in Johar. The only evidence I 

 can bring forward to prove this are observations near the western and 

 eastern limits of this ground. The fault near Malari (south-south- 

 east of Niti) I believe to be connected with the crushed position of 

 the older palaeozoic rocks near the upper Uja Tirche glacier. Some 

 five miles south of the Uttardhura pass I observed a fault, the general 

 direction of which is south-east to north-west ; it has lowered the 

 carboniferous of the Shillong to the level of the haimanta system. 



It is very probable that these three points all belong to 

 one fault or system of faults, more or less parallel with the great 

 Painkanda fault, and as such I have shown it in my map ; it will be 

 very difficult to collect further proofs in support of this assumption, 

 as the whole, or nearly the whole, of the region between these points 

 is situated at a height of over 20,000 feet sea-level, and in conse- 

 quence is nearly everywhere completely hidden under perpetual snow. 



Sections of the palaeozoic group revealed that the silurians are 

 composed of the same rock-series already described in the Niti sec- 

 tions. They are for the most part hard quartzites with greenish grey 

 shales above and near the base of the system limestones, which have 

 yielded lower silurian fossils. 

 ( 152 ) 



