BHOT MAHALS OF KUMAUN. l6l 



I believe it will be found that the thickness of this system in the 



Dharma area will be found to be below 6,000 feet. 



The lower boundary is, as I have already remarked, very obscure. 



The vaikritas on which the system rests consist of 

 Beds at base. Granite. .... . . . 



metamorphic schists, micaceous with garnet as 

 accessory mineral and even gneissic schists with ' greisen ' is common. 

 Besides this,, along the entire fifty miles of this boundary, hornblendic 

 granite occurs as intrusive rock, and to its presence the local meta- 

 morphic character of the lowest haimantas may be ascribed. 



In the section formed by the Dharma (Dhauli) Ganga, I observed 

 Between Sela and a high anticlinal south of Se^a formed of gneiss 

 Tukmng. j n massive beds, which I could not distinguish 



in the field from the gneiss which forms the central range of the 

 Himalayas. South of it, it is followed by a succession of anticlinals 

 with deep synclinals separating them. The dip of the northern flank 

 of the Sela anticlinal averages about 40 N.E. to N. 



Granite, in intrusive form, is frequent and not only forms massive 

 bosses but traverses the gneiss in all directions in the form of veins. 

 It becomes more conspicuous nearer the boundary of the haimantas, 

 where near N angling and Chail it is seen to enter a quartzose 

 schist, which I assume to belong to the latter system. Between 

 Baling and Tuktung on the Dhauli Ganga, the rocks are semi-meta- 

 morphic, i.e., it is a succession of quartzitic beds, with micaceous and 

 calcareous stages, containing garnet, and quartzite conglomerate. 

 The whole system is much contorted and faulted (see fig. 10) with dips 

 varying from 30 to 50 N.E. to N.E. by N. This lower series seems 

 to represent the lower haimantas seen north of Milam, which rest on 

 the crystalline (vaikrita) schists of the north slope of the Nanda Devi. 

 It is impossible to separate it from the upper haimantas, as the pass- 

 age is perfectly gradual. Hornblendic granite traverses the lower 

 haimantas in all directions as veins and intrusive masses, which is 

 especially well seen near Tuktung (fig. 9 ), where the granite forms a 

 perfect net work of veins in the quartzose schist on the right side 

 of the valley. 



M ( 161 ) 



