162 GRIESBACH : GEOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL HIMALAYAS. 



Between Goa and the junction of the Dhauli and Lissar rivers the 

 Near junction of haimantas assume their normal aspect. They 

 Dhauli and Lissar. are chiefly composed of quartzite of dark-grey to 



purple colour, associated with great thicknesses of quartz-shales and 

 beds of purple quartz conglomerate. The latter differs in no wise 

 from the conglomerate of the Niti sections. It consists chiefly of 

 rounded boulders of quartz rock, with gneissic pebbles intermixed, all 

 cemented together with the same purple quartzite forming the adjoin- 

 ing stages of the system. It also has been traversed by granite veins. 

 The purple quartzite, with its associated beds of conglomerate, is 

 well seen between Goa and Dakar, where it is traversed by granite 

 veins, often at right angles to the bedding of the haimantas. 



How impossible it is to form an accurate estimate of the thickness 

 Plications near Bal- °^ * ms system may be understood when view- 

 lng * ing the complicated folding and plication of the 



schists forming the lower series of the haimantas near Baling on the 

 Dhauli Ganga rendered in fig. 10, p. 44. This plication in connec- 

 tion with the repeated greater flexures make the thickness appear to 

 be much greater than it actually is, and I think that 6,000' will be 

 found to be the very utmost limit which it is possible to assign to the 

 system. 



The section exposed by the Kali river near the eastern limits of 



my survey reveals a similar succession of strata 

 Kali river sections. 



within the haimanta system. The lower boun- 

 dary with the vaikritas may be fixed about i\ mile south-west of 

 Garby£ng, and is there as undefined as near Chail. The rock, which 

 forms the base of the system, is a massive gneiss associated with a 

 hornblendic granite, and showing numerous intrusions of the latter 

 which not only have affected the gneiss below but also the overlying 

 haimantas. The lower series of this system which overlies the vaikritas 

 is mainly formed by quartz-shales, with true mica schist and quartzites, 

 and followed higher up by what I may term the upper haimantas, 

 consisting of purple quartzites, pink or purple conglomerate, shales 

 and calcareous beds. The belt is much jointed and traversed by 



( 162 ) 



