BH6T MAHALS OF KUMAUN. 16 



J 



faults which run parallel to the strike of the beds. The dip of course 

 is very variable. South of the Nampa river (Nepal) it is due east; 

 south of Tinkar (Nepdl) it is north-east, which is the average direc- 

 tion of the dip in the area further west. North of Kaua Malla (Kali 

 river valley), the quartzites are seen to dip qo° north-east by north, 

 and north below the red quartz shales which mark the boundary 

 with the silurian. The dip decreases further north-west in the valley 

 of the Kuti Yangti, where it averages about 50 near the boundary 

 with the silurian. 



The boundary with the silurian system is fortunately quite clear. 

 Boundary with the The haimanta quartzites are seen to pass up- 

 silunans. wards into light greenish-grey quartz-shales, 



which themselves are of very little thickness, and pass again into 

 bright pink or red quartz-shales, which show cleavage in a remarkable 

 degree in some localities, amongst others south of the Rdma en- 

 camping ground This series of shales is only some 200 to 500 feet 

 in thickness, but it seems to be quite constant and may be said to 

 mark the boundary with the silurian. It is overlaid by lower silurian 

 beds with fossils. 



This distinguishing band of red quartz shales runs from near 



Shillong Talla (north of Milam) in a south- 

 Red quartz-shales (3). if. 



westerly direction, and I met it again at the 



north slope of the Bambadhura peak (20,760') immediately below the 

 highest point. From there it meanders along the north-east slope of 

 the high range, conforming more or less to the present contour of the 

 ground, runs across the trough of theChingchingmauri glacier, descends 

 into the valley of the Lissar above Sepi, through the Dhauli valley to 

 the Rcima glacier, from where the strike is nearly due east as far as 

 the Kuti Yangti. From thence it is seen to skirt the left side of the 

 valley to a point in the Kali river valley, some 2 miles above the 

 junction of that river with the Kuti Yangti, and after that it skirts the 

 immense spurs of the Nampa peak in Nepal. 



Excepting in the Upper Lissar valley, the dip is normal below 



Inverted synclinals of the silurians, but between the Chingchingmauri 



palaeozoic group. and Bampadhura heights the position is inverted 



M 2 - ( 163 ) 



