l66 GRIESBACH ; GEOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL HIMALAYAS. 



some 1,500 feet of limestones, occasionally flaggy, which pass gra- 

 dually from the dark limestone below and are characterized by frag- 

 ments of Crinoids. I distinguish this division in the sections by 7 and 

 7a. The upper part of these limestones change from the dull blue- 

 grey colour of the inferior beds into a brownish-red, and brick-coloured 

 earthy limestone, which also yields Crinoid remains. Near its upper 

 limit quartzitic strata are seen to alternate with it, and the series 

 is followed finally by at least 2,000 feet of the white quartzite (8) 

 of the upper carboniferous system. The uppermost beds are here 

 seen in thinner beds than I have hitherto observed and in character 

 approach a quartz sandstone, whilst the lower beds which make up 

 the bulk of the division are nearly all massive, almost unstratified 

 white quartzite. The latter forms wide areas in all the Eastern 

 Johcir and Bya*ns districts and is prominent in most of the sections. 

 The deep synclinal on the right side of the Lissar Valley is nearly 

 entirely formed of it. The high conical peak in the range between 

 the two Bambadhura glaciers (see plate 14) is formed of series 5, 6, 

 7, and crowned by a cap of white quartzite (8), the remains left by 

 the denudation of the upper and longer shoulder of the anticlinal 

 flexure. 



Two miles north of the section (3 of plate 7) exposed along a narrow 

 ridge separating two glaciers, a similar structure may be observed, 

 with this difference, that the synclinal formed by the white quartzite 

 (8), is much narrower, though well defined by the inclosed Productus 

 shales (9), and the passage beds of the Otoceras zone (10). Of the 

 palaeozoic group only the lower side of the great inverted anticlinal 

 is seen, the upper side, which is preserved in the Bambadhura section 

 (2 of plate 7) having been denuded, and so left what appears simply 

 an inverted series of the palaeozoics with south-westerly dip. 



A middle stage of denudation is seen in section 1, plate 7, in 

 the valley of the Jokneking glacier. Here the reversed flexure 

 embracing the palaeozoic group has been partially preserved, whilst 

 remains only of the upper side of the fold show the true stratigraphical 

 relations of the beds forming it. 



The carboniferous system (7, 7a, and 8) forms a strip of more or 

 ( 166 ) 



