BHOT MAHALS OF KUMAUN. 



175 



Climbing up the range, and over the eroded and rugged bend of the 

 reversed anticlinal of upper carboniferous (8), I reached again a toler- 

 ably complete and more or less normal section of permo-trias, which 

 forms the highest part of the range. I found it quite impossible to 

 arrive at even an approximately correct estimate of the thickness of 

 its divisions, as the top of the range is broken up into endless jagged 

 ridges, mostly formed by the highly inclined beds which form the upper 

 trias and rhaetic, and as they are often quite inaccessible one has to 

 skirt them by climbing over the numerous small glaciers and moraine 

 matter which fill in the unevenness of the ground. The highest crags 

 and the centre beds of the synclinal are generally formed by the lower 

 rhaetic, which is flanked on each side by a descending section of trias- 

 sic rocks, which again rest on permian Productus shales. These 

 centre beds are mostly massive, dark-bluish grey dolomites and lime- 

 stones, which may be identified with the lower rhaetic. Fossils I 

 have found none in them. 



Below this series I found in descending 

 order on the west slopes of the range the fol- 

 lowing section (3, pi. 7). 



West slope of section 

 3» Pi- 7- 



Upper Trias 



Lower Trias 



Productus 

 shales. (9) 



13. Flaggy limestone-beds with shales, great thick- 

 ness, passing downwards into 



12. Black splintery limestone and shales, some 500 

 to 700 feet thickness ; Daonella and fragments 

 of Hallstadt fossils. 



II. About 80 to 100 feet of massive limestone of light 

 grey colour. 



10. Dark limestone in thin beds with dark shales alter- 

 nating ; fossils of the Otoceras stage. 



feet inch. 

 i. Black crumbling shales, with ferruginous 

 concretions in irregular partings, thick- 

 ness . . . . . . 85 o 



h. Micaceous and calcareous sandstone with 

 fucoid markings ; with shaly partings and 

 irregular thickness about . . .20 



g. Miraceous dark shales, which weather in 

 bright colours, with ferruginous concre- 

 tions. Shales show fucoid markings 



/. Same as (h) ; with Brachiopods . 



e. Same (g) 



( '75 ) 



7 



3 



5i 



o 

 o 

 o 



