/ 



BH6T MAHALS OF KUMAUN. I 77 



and they dip from 30 to 40 north-east below dark devonian limestone ; 

 this latter is traversed in every direction by white calcspar veins, and 

 has not yielded any fossils beyond some fragments of Encrinites. 

 This is conformably overlaid by the members of the carboniferous 

 system. The range between the Lissar and Dhauli Ganga forms here 

 a simple synclinal, which incloses the permo-trias and rhaetic group, 

 the continuation of the great permo-trias strip already traversed in 

 the former sections. There is a good deal of local crushing and fault- 

 ing observable, but the throws are not of sufficient importance to 

 be entered on the map. 



The lowest trias [Otoceras stage) (10) with the underlying Pro- 

 ductus shales (9) seems to rest conformably on the upper carboni- 

 ferous white quartzite (8), which near the boundary with the Productus 

 shales has a few beds of dirty grey sandstone in thin beds. The de- 

 tailed section of the beds close to the boundary is in descending 

 order : — 



1 8. Shales, dark grey, with partings of irregular 



j limestone beds ..... 



7. Limestone, dark grey to brown with Pecten 



sp 



6. Calcareous shales, dark grey 

 5. Hard splintery dark limestone . 



Thickness. 

 Feet. Inches. 







4 







6 







2 







3 







9 



3 







150 







Lower Trias 



Otoceras > 

 stage (10) \ 4 * triable grey, calcareous shales . 



3. Shaly limestone ..... 



2. Hard splintery dark limestone, fossils of 



Otoceras stage ..... 



1. Alternation of dark, nearly black shales and 



\ limestone in thin beds about . 



Productus shales, ( Black friable shales with ferruginous part- 



Permian (9) . ( ings, weathering brown .... 238 o 



Upper Carboni- ( Irregular beds of grey quartz-sandstone. 

 ferous (8) . ( White quartzite in massive beds, etc. 



The descent into the Dhauli Ghanga valley is over the same sec- 

 tion, and over the upturned and highly inclined edges of the beds 

 composing it. The Dhauli Ganga flows there (near Dawe encamp- 

 ing-ground) along the axis of a synclinal formed of the white 

 quartzite (8). The continuation of the section towards north- 

 east is across a series of crushed flexures, greatly broken up by 

 N ( 177 ) 



