l8o GRIESBACH : GEOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL HIMALAYAS. 



across the high range which forms the divide between the Dhauli 

 and Kuti Yangti valleys, is seen very clearly near the Lebung pass, 

 and is finally lost in the tract to the east of that locality (see pi. 8, I 

 of pi. 9 and pi. 18). 



North-east of this strip of permo-trias above Dawe (i, pi 8), 



follow several reversed flexures of palaeozoic 



Reversed flexures of 



palaeozoics, north-east of rocks ; south-west of the Lohi glacier, some 



remains of an anticlinal of upper silurian quart- 

 zites and greenish shales with fossils (5) is well seen in profile, and 

 gives a clue to the rest of the structure. The ranges north-east of it 

 are so encumbered by glaciers and their debris, that nothing is 

 visible but a series of beds with seemingly isoclinal bedding, but 

 belonging to the various members of the palaeozoic group, carboni- 

 ferous apparently dipping below silurian. I recognize in this struc- 

 ture the south-eastern continuation of the folds seen higher up the 



valley. 



The geological structure of all the high ground lying between the 



last described section, and as far east as the 



Mankshang sections. • itt 1 1 1 



Mankshang pass, is difficult to unravel, as only 



the highest part of the ranges exhibit the rock in situ, the lower 

 slopes being almost invariably covered by immense deposits of debris, 

 generally of glacial origin, whilst the valleys are nearly always filled 

 with glaciers and their moraines. 



The section between Dawe encamping ground and the Lankpya 

 Lek (...Langpaia Lek ?), 2 of.pl. 8, follows the track from Dawe to the 

 Dharma pass, a difficult and often break-neck path, encumbered with 

 much snow. The range which closes the valley of the Nui glacier to 

 the north (right side) exhibits the structure partially, which seems to 

 correspond with the one of the Lohi glacier valley, two miles to the 

 north of it. The anticlinal of the Dhauli Ganga valley has been eroded 

 down to the brownish red earthy Crinoid limestone (7, a) of the carboni- 

 ferous, and for a few miles to the north-east the section is pretty clear. 

 A reversed synclinal flexure, followed by a very much plicated and also 

 reversed anticlinal is fairly well observable near the western end of the 

 ( 180 ) 



