BH6T MAHALS OF KUMAUN. l8l 



Nui glacier valley. The lowest rocks exposed near the centre of the 

 anticlinal are the upper silurian quartzites and shales (5), which 

 cannot be mistaken. Fossil traces are many, mostly of Or this sp. 

 and Corals. This is overlaid by the dark-blue limestones (6) and 

 further on by the carboniferous limestones (7) and white quartzite (8). 

 The beds are all highly inclined, the flexures leaning over to south- 

 west. The centre portion of the section is less clear. There is a 

 great deal of local faulting and squeezing of beds out of the normal 

 position, which I tried to indicate diagramatically in the figured sec- 

 tion. But as far as can be seen, it is again a system of narrow 

 reversed folds, in which the upper silurian series occupies the 

 centre of the anticlinals. The flesh-coloured quartzites with greenish- 

 grey shales (5) are flanked symmetrically by a sequence of dark devon- 

 ian limestone (6), and the carboniferous rocks, which on the eastern 

 side of the Dharma pass are succeeded by the permo-trias. The 

 ground between this point and the Lankpya Lek is quite impracticable 

 for the geologist; it is almost entirely covered with snow and small 

 glaciers. But as far as I could make out, there seems to be a fault in 

 that area, which has cut off the permo-trias (see 2, pi. 8), for I found 

 palaeozic rocks apparently overlying the trias in normal order, near 

 the crest of the range (about 19,000 ft.) east of the Dharma pass. 

 Beyond that I believe several flexures of the palaeozoic group of rocks 

 follow, the points flanking the Lankpya Lek being formed of the 

 white compact quartzite (8) of the upper carboniferous series. 



Much clearer is the structure of the Dhauli Ganga valley, about four 



miles south-east of Dawe encamping ground. 

 Permo-trias of Dawe. _ . _ , • 1 o 



I have represented the structure in 3, pi. 5. 



The anticlinal of the Dhauli valley is there in reversed position, leaning 



over to south-west. The plication of the rocks, which compose the 



dividing range between the Lissar aud Dhauli valleys, has resulted in 



a double synclinal, in one of which the south-eastern extension of the 



strip of permo-trias bed (see map) appears, only the black Productus 



shales (9) with patches of the lowest trias (10) remaining. This 



structure of the double synclinal may be traced in all the sections 



( 181 ) 



