190 GRIESBACH : GEOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL HIMALAYAS. 



tre of the flexure, whose upper arch has disappeared by erosion. 

 The anticlinal may be traced in a south-east direction, and its 

 axis followed along the rugged heights which form the south-west 

 slopes of the dividing range between Kumaun and Tibet. 



It may be recognised again in the reversed anticlinal north-east 



Anticlinal of Tera of the Tera G ^ dh (4, P 1 - 9), in the much plicated 

 Gadh. anticlinals between the Lilinthi grazing ground 



and the Hundes frontier N. by E. (8, pi. 9), and lastly in the anticlinal 

 of devonian and upper carboniferous rocks south-west of the Lipu 

 Lekh (pass) (5, pi. 9). In spite of extensive faulting in this ground, 

 sufficient is left of this flexure to show its true structure. The strip of 

 ground immediately following north-east of the anticlinal is formed 

 chiefly by the upper side of the reversed fold, and is therefore an as- 

 cending section, reaching at some points to the rhaetic, as is shown 

 in the diagram named. 



Between this reversed anticlinal, and the ill-defined boundary of 

 the lower silurian with the underlying haimantas, the general feature 

 of the Dharma and Lissar sections is reproduced, accompanied by 

 much faulting ; in the figured diagrams on pi. 9, I have tried to show 

 some of the complicated character of the folds and accompanying 

 faults. Enough is seen of the very disturbed structure (see pis. 24, 

 25, 26 and 27), to show that the plications are rather more complicated 

 than given in the diagrams. The two principal permo-trias synclinals 

 of the Dha'rma valley may be recognized in the upper Kali river sec- 

 tions in several detached strips of irregular outline, within which the 

 beds, ranging from the permian Productus shales to upper trias, are 

 found to be much crumpled (see pis. 26 and 27) and crushed. The belt 

 within which these synclinals are found has been most affected by fault- 

 ing, part of the folds having been let down along lines which coincide 

 more or less with the general direction of the strike, except near the 

 ground west and north-west of the Tera Ga*dh, where a portion of the 

 trias-rhaetic strip has been let down by faulting, whilst palaeozoic 

 rocks have been pushed over # the former; the actual features exposed 

 are shown in 4, pi. 9. 



( 190 ) 



