I92 GRIESBACII : GEOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL HIMALAYAS. 



clinals, of permo-trias seen in section 8, pi. 9. The sequence of beds 

 is the same as in the Panka Gadh, but the upper trias is followed 

 by the entire rhaetic system up into the Lithodendron limestone, with 

 zones of Kcessen fossils. Several parallel faults, more or less north- 

 west by west, to south-east by east cut up the synclinal into several 

 blocks, complicating the horizontal projection of the boundary lines 

 beyond the possibility of rendering them on the map except dia- 

 gramatically. South-east of the Lilinthi grazing ground the permo- 

 trias section, though disturbed by faults, is a normally descending 

 one, and the black Productus shales (9) are resting on white quartz- 

 ite (8), all dipping under a high angle to south-west. 



Between the Lilinthi grazing ground, and about \\ miles north- 

 east of Kalapani, the Kali river runs along a line of fault (8, pi. 9), 

 and upper rhaetic beds, consisting of thick-beded dolomites and 

 Lithodendron limestone, are brought in direct contact with carboni- 

 ferous white quartzite (8), which has been pushed over the rhaetic, so 

 that in some sections the contact has the appearance of a normal one, 

 and the white quartzite seems to overlie the rhaetic. But following up 

 the fault to west and north-westward, I found the white quartzite (8) in 

 similar position, pushed over upper rhaetic limestone, and in succession 

 over all the beds of rhaetic, trias and permian Productus shales (9) 

 whilst still further in the Tera Gcidh dark devonian limestone (6) is 

 pushed over the trias and rhaetic beds in succession ; sections 4 and 6, 

 pi. 9, illustrate this feature, as also do the heliogravures pis. 26 and 27. 

 Many minor faults have produced complicated features in this belt ; 

 Complicated structure the most complicated portion of the latter is the 

 Tera Gadh. one lying west of the Kali river and forming the 



right side of the Tera Gadh. In addition to the permo-trias, with 

 rhaetic, being laid into minute and often gigantic and close folds, the 

 complex of beds is also jointed and faulted. So, for instance, near 

 the highest point of the conical hill north-west of Kalapani (4, pi. 9), 

 the lower carboniferous and trias section is several times repeated^ 

 and the whole might very easily be mistaken for an alternation of 

 beds, if fossils were wanting. 

 ( 192 ) 



