IRIESBACII: GEOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL HIMAL.W 



5 ;_f-:r :: :■ •: :": 

 rhaecic in Spiti. 



between any division from the permian Productus beds (10) to the 

 uppermost rhaetic strata, the entire range of beds belonging to one 

 unbroken system of deposits. 



There are strong points of resemblance between the trias-rhaetic 



ructions of Spiti and those of other parts of the 

 Central Himalayas. Perhaps the only striking 

 difference is this, that in Spiti the rhaetic system is much ampler 

 represented and its thickness much greater, although I have not 

 been able to devote sufficient time to an accurate measurement of it. 

 Very good sequences of beds of the two systems may be seen in the 

 fine sections between Muth and Tilling, west of Khar, between the 

 Spiti river and the Manirang pass, etc. Grouping these sections 

 together I observed the following divisions of the trias-rhaetic in 

 descending order : — 



1 7. Bitnminoa<. sometimes oolitic limestone of a tew feet 



in thickness. «iih liassic fossils 

 16 L : rnestone wkh many fossils; Rkrnck. ausiriica, Ter 

 gregari* , 



5 Liikedeudron limestone .... 

 L mestone with MegaloJon s£ 

 - t :-: r-5 



L : mestone and shales with fossils 

 1 2. DamurUm. limestone ; great thk bne 



r Light-grey limestone ; PtyckiUs gerardi and 

 11. j Maschel<alk forms 



IO. (Hoc eras beds ''passage bed) 

 9. Productus shales ..... 



: : '-. = - 



/ 



< 



Lias. 







i 



Lower. 





Permian. 



As I have already said, a great synclinal fold forms the belt be- 

 SvadinaL aorth of tween Muth and Tilling, followed by Jan anti- 

 y ""~ clinal near the arch of which the village of Khar 



5 situated. The ranges north of Khar to Dangkhar are a succession 

 of more or less complicated flexures. The carboniferous rocks are 

 therefore generally seen near the base of the ranges and in the 

 valleys whilst the higher cliffs are formed of the overlying permo- 

 trias. But the best section of the carboniferous, which I have so far 

 seen, is the one exposed along the jagged ridges of the chains of hills 

 on both sides of the Pin and south ef Muth. Marchine north 



down the Pin river valley, I passed through the fine synclinal north 

 ( - ) 



