4 g MIDDLEMISS : KANGRA EARTHQUAKE. 





N. W., either having been projected clear of, or slipped down, the 

 roof, and then having crashed through the verandah. The shops in 

 the village were not much damaged. 



Earthquake Form.— A. Gardner, N. I. Salt Revenue Department, at Drang. No 

 tremulous vibrations felt. Direction of the shock N. W.— S.'E. by sensation. 

 Three times he attempted to stand without success. Upper roof of Salt Depart- 

 ment bungalow fell. Walls cracked. Large landslips on steep slopes of Salt 

 Mines, completely blocking many of the workings. Sound like rushing water, 

 about 1£ seconds before the main shock. 



Along the main -boundary fault between Urla and Drang I noticed 

 the presence of Siwalik conglomerate and sand- 

 rock for a considerable distance. At Drang the 

 limestone on the inner (Himalayan) side of the fault was considerably 

 brecciated. The salt mines at Drang are more extensive than those 

 at Guma, but as they similarly consist of mere excavations in the bed 

 of the ravines, exactly as they were when described by Mr. Medlicott 1 

 in 1864, it was natural that they should have been much damaged and 

 filled up by landslips during and subsequent to the earthquake. The 

 salt was, however, still being excavated at one place, but, owing to 

 the treacherous nature of the very steep cliff of the peculiarly coloured 

 sandy and earthy, rotten rock, or salt-gossan , which is barren of salt, 

 and lies above the salt, it was necessary to keep a careful watch for 

 cracks in order to warn the miners when to desist. The rocks here 

 were generally the same as at Guma, but the salt, and the salt-gossan, 

 above the former, were much thicker and about horizontal. It is 

 curious that the salt beds should occur as the core of an anticlinal 

 fold coincident with much crushing and brecciation (a condition which 

 reminds one also of those obtaining in connection with the salt-bear- 

 ing marl of the Salt Range), near the main -boundary fault, and, so 

 far as actually known, only along the 14 miles between Guma and 

 Drang, i.e., just in the extreme angle made by the main-boundary 

 fault as it changes its course in sweeping round the N.E. end of the 



1 Mem. G. S. of I., Vol. Ill, pt. 2, pp. GO— 62. 



