MEMOIRS 



OF 



THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA 



The Kangra Earthquake of 4TH April 190J. By 

 C. S. IVIiddlemiss, B.A., F.G.S., Superintendent, 

 Geological Survey of India. 



INTRODUCTION. 



A preliminary account of this earthquake has already appeared in 

 Preliminary Re- the publications of this department. 1 To save re- 

 P ort ' petition the reader is referred to it for a brief narra- 



tive and summary of the main effects of the shock. 



The present larger work is an attempt to bring together a full 

 Scope of present descriptive record of such of the phenomena of the 

 Work - earthquake as have, or may have, a scientific bear- 



ing. In it the recording and arranging of facts observed at first-hand, 

 and of well-authenticated evidence, hold the most prominent place, 

 and constitute the bulk of the volume. 



As regards first-hand observations, no more need be said than that 



First-hand obser- tlle y were carried out b Y m J colleagues, Messrs. 

 vations, and local Simpson, Pascoe and Hallowes, and myself, by 

 reports. means of personal traverses over certain selected 



parts of the affected area ; and therefore it is hoped that they are as 

 reliable as any other coordinated scientific work. As regards evidence, 

 it always happens in the case of a large earthquake that enormous 

 areas remain over which cannot be visited by experts, and for these 

 it becomes necessary to weigh quantities of uncoordinated evidence 

 derived from local sources. In the case of this earthquake such evi- 



1 Rec. G. S. of I., Vol. XXX11, pt. 4. 



