KANGRA-KULU EPICENTRAL AREA. 63 



picturesque gorge of the Malana glen unites with the Parbati, the 

 rugged crags of white quartzite and quartz-schist had crumbled exten- 

 sively during the earthquake. From these cliffs, which are frequently 

 crowned by patches of inaccessible forest, the steeply cat gullies now 

 poured down torrents of the white debris, resembling snow culoirs in 

 the distance (see pi. 15, fig. 1). Every now and then a portion of the 

 mountain could still be seen to be " smoking "where slipping areas, 

 had not yet attained the angle of repose. Along with the rock, 

 acres of fine deodar forest had frequently been involved in the falls ; 

 a near or telescopic view of which presented a scene of colossal wreck- 

 age impossible to describe. It is views such as those illustrated in 

 plate 15 that demonstrate how potent a factor an earthquake may 

 become in the denudation of a region characterised by precipitous 

 cliffs. In spite of this wholesale shedding of scarps, the villages round 

 about generally showed but little damage. Whole villages had some- 

 times escaped, and others, such as Jari, had only a few houses par- 

 tially wrecked. Portions of Chowki village, opposite Jari (seen in the 

 foreground of plate 15, fig. 1) situated on a narrow gravel terrace 

 were, however, destroyed, and among the inhabitants some serious 

 surgical cases awaited the visit of our medical officer. The wooden 

 cantilever bridge (of native design) across the Parbati at this point 

 had escaped with nothing worse than a bad wrenching. The travel- 

 lers' bungalow was intact and habitable. A careful examination of 

 the whole road and lower valley for signs of faults or tectonic move- 

 ments showed there were none such. All fissures that could be seen 

 were local and superficial. Thus, notwithstanding the torrents of 

 shed rock and forests reduced to matchwood, the comparative energy 

 of the shock here must have been so much less than in the Sultanpur 

 valley that we are, I think, warranted in drawing isoseismal No. IX 

 between these places. 



Between Jari and Manikarn the geological conditions remain much 



Manikarn : Hot the same, quartz-schists predominating most of the 



springs. wav> followed by schists anil a band of gneissose 



granite crossing the river a little way below Manikarn. Landslips 



