KANGRA-KULU EPICENTRAL AREA. 65 



rock avalanches. At Shall al and Rashole slabs of this rock, much 



heavier than convenient, are used as roofing material. 



Rashole village itself, a group of old and weather-beaten houses of 

 the regular hill type, evinced some damage, one 

 out of a dozen buildings having sagged, sunk at 



one end, or bulged, owing to some of the horizontal timbers having 



rotted or burst away from their corner pins and cross- ties. 



The route from Rashole to Malana took us over a pass of 10,600 

 feet among schistose strata with thin bands of 

 gneissose granite forming the fir-clad craggy sum- 

 mits near the pass. These beds, like those met with at Manikarn, 

 appear in apparent order above the quartzitic rocks. A steep descent 

 of 1,000 feet on the other side of the pass through forests of fir, 

 spruce and larch, and then over gentle slopes below, brought us to the 

 Malana gorge, with its two villages resting on the platform made by 

 the upper surfaces of the quartzites, at an elevation of about 8,600 

 feet. The precipitous ravine stretching away to the Parbati, lay below 

 us, with its already described shattered sides, a fresh rock avalanche 

 taking place the evening of our stay there. Whilst these rocks had 

 everywhere yielded under the strain of the earthquake the schistose 

 and gneissose rocks which continue above them, both on the Rashole 

 and Naggar routes, had remained comparatively unaffected. Only a 

 few houses, and those old ones, had suffered from the earthquake by 

 leaning, bulging, and partial destruction of the roof, etc., but the 

 majority of the private houses, the grain house, temples and other 

 buildings, all in the beautiful and efficient timber-bonded style, ap- 

 peared (so far as we were permitted to see them by their conservative 

 inhabitants) practicaUy undamaged. 



Malana to Naggar over a steep pass of 13,000 feet, still snow- 



covered (27th May) on the crest and N. slopes, 



the extensive view from the pass up to the great 



open valley and snow-fieMs that constitute the source of the Malana 



stream also yielding no fresh earthquake data, until quite near Naggar 



