90 MIDDLEMISS : KANGRA EARTHQUAKE. 



from north to south. The question is complicated by the fact 

 that many of the houses are built on the banks of wide and deep 

 nalas, which must have considerably influenced the direction of princi- 

 pal oscillation of the buildings. 



The general consensus of opinion fixes the occurrence of the 

 principal shock at times varying from 6-9 to 6-12 



Time, of quake. .-, , . 



a.m. (Madras time). 



Enquiry at the local post offices, the railway station, and else- 

 where shows that in many cases clocks were stopped by the disturb- 

 ance, but that in few cases was the actual time of stoppage noted 

 before setting the clocks going. 



The most reliable time observations were made at the offices of 

 the Survey of India. Through the courtesy of Lieutenant-Colonel 

 S. B. Burrard, R.E., F.R.S., Superintendent, Trigonometrical Survey, 

 to whom I am much indebted for kindly assistance, I have been 

 supplied with full information in regard to the Survey clocks. The 

 chief of these are the sidereal clock, the turret clock, and the clocks 

 attached to the magnetograph, barograph, and thermograph. The 

 sidereal clock, which gives the time to the other clocks, was stopped 

 by the shock, but, unfortunately, the subordinate in charge set it 

 going again without noting the time of stoppage. The pendulum of 

 the turret clock swings- from N. 73° W. to S. 73° E. or approximately at 

 right angles to the meridional swing of the pendulum of the sidereal 

 clock. It stopped at 6h. 10m. 30s. (Madras time) and the correction 

 for the clock at 6 a.m. on the 4th was -r 34 seconds. Therefore 

 assuming that the clock stopped within 4 or 5 seconds of the 

 commencement of the shock, we have 6h. 11m. 4s. le3S 4 or 5 seconds, 

 or 6h. 11m. 0s. (Madras time) as the nearest possible approximation. 

 It corresponds to 6h. 2m. 15s. local mean time. In this estimate, 

 however, we cannot be absolutely certain that the clock stopped 

 within the assigned 4 or 5 seconds. 



The time evidence from the magnetograph and barograph traces 

 is generally corroborative of this, but as the trace of the former can 

 only be read to within 1 minute and that of the latter to within 



