130 MIDDLEMISS: KANGRA EARTHQUAKE. 



CHAPTER III. 



LARGE CITIES OF THE PLAINS IN THE VICINITY OF THE 



Vllth ISOSEIST. 



The area described in this chapter was examined by Mr. E. H. Pascoe. 

 Its title to recognition as a special unit deoends on 



Area defined. . - . , . . 



the consideration that it includes most of the larger 

 cities lying away from the hills on the alluvial plains, and within a 

 radial distance from the epicentral regions of about 125 miles. Being 

 connected up by the chief railway systems of Northern India, the 

 various centres were easily accessible without loss of time. In describ- 

 ing the damage to buildings in this zone, it is necessary to guard against 

 a misconception. It will be remembered that in Part I, Chapter I, 

 I have already shown that places such as Pathankot and Dera Gopipnr, 

 being onlv at 40 and 20 miles respectively from the main epicentre, showed 

 no appreciable damage (see pp. 8, 39). Contrasting this with Lahore, 

 Ludhiana, Sialkote, etc., at distances of over 100 miles away, it might at 

 first appear that there was more damage done at the distant places than 

 at the nearer. Against this impression should be set the smallness of 

 the towns of Pathankot and Dera Gopipur, and the absence in them of 

 complicated architectural structures. Within the larger cities of the 

 plains it would be quite possible to isolate many groups of buildings 

 of the size of Pathankot and Dera Gopipur and showing as little 

 damage. The aggregate effects of an earthquake in a large city must 

 always be great ; but this should not be confused with the average effect 

 per building unit which is the only fair way to estimate destructive 

 intensity. 



Mr. Pascoe's tour embraced the following cities and towns : — 

 Lahore (with Shahdara and Mian Mir), Jullundiir, Amritsar, Tarn 

 Taran, Ferozepur, Wazirabad, Gujranwala, Gujrat, Sialkot, Jamu, 

 Ludhiana, Multan and Phagwara. After his description of each there 

 follow extracts from the earthquake forms in the usual way. 





