THE ISOSEISTS. 305 



Dharmsala, Rehlu Fort, well-built court-houses, travellers' bungalows, 

 police stations, jails, tea factories, mission houses, churches and massive 

 temples alike were destroyed. 



In the case of the ordinary sun-dried brick and slate roofed bazar 

 the total destruction which occurred may be said to have been a fore- 

 gone conclusion, as it was also a characteristic of the region. 1 



The experiences of survivors within this area agree in recording the 

 terrific nature of the shock and that it was accom- 

 v , ors panied by the loudest sounds. It was above all 



o'thers the area most fatal to human life, the area - 

 whence issued nearly all the tragic stories of sudden death, of entomb- 

 ments and gallant rescues. The Kangra and Palampur Tehsils alone 

 had 10,000 and 3,000 deaths respectively, which is about -^ the whole 

 population. 



But perhaps the most concrete evidence is afforded by the many 

 „ ., , overturned or partially overturned stumpy spires, or 



Evidence of over- r j rj r 



turned Sikras. SiJcras, belonging to early Hindu temple art. As 



described and illustrated (p. 37 and elsewhere), these 

 rather uniform, stoutly built, stone structures, so common in this part 

 of India, have only been overthrown within isoseismal X. 



It is, in short, believed that the evidence recorded in the descriptive 

 portion of this report is sufficient to allow the 



Intensities greater , . 



than X not observed delineation Of isoseismal X in terms of the Kossi- 

 in this earthquake. Forel scale. The intensity there displayed, as 

 interpreted by the destruction, seems to be the maximum for ordinary 

 world- shaking earthquakes of presumed deep-seated origin, excepting 

 only those like the Assam quake of 1897 and the Japan quake of 1891 

 which were accompanied by surface displacements on level ground, and 

 which carried in their train fault-scarps, destruction of railway tracks 

 and iron girder bridges, the bending and snapping of trees and other 

 destructive effects on vegetation — in all of which cataclysmic effects the 

 Kangra earthquake fell short of those just mentioned. 



1 Prof. Omori mentions a similar result in the case of the Formosa earthquake. 17th 

 March 1906. See Bull. Imperial Earthquake Investigation Committee, Volume I, 

 No. 2, p. 5.1, 



