THE ISOSEISTS. 307 



whilst, on the other hand, in the hollows and bays in the hills, together 

 with some valley bottoms having support all round, no such visible 

 movement has occurred and they may be considered as areas of relief 

 or " shadows," or places where the shock had either spent or neutralised 

 itself by interference. 



The same thing is borne out by the upsetting of the barracks and 

 other buildings in a down-hill direction round the long and winding hill 

 spurs, no matter what point of the compass was indicated — a fact 

 which incidentally shows how hopeless is the task of using directions 

 of fall of buildings, even of such symmetrical structures as the magazine 

 and Lord Elgin's tomb in looking for evidence pointi g to the central 

 line of the disturbance. 



The case of the other tomb and gate pillars in the church-yard 

 that had rotated on their bases is interesting as possibly indicating a 

 twisting movement of the ground, although it does not appear that such 

 effects are necessarily produced in that way. 1 



The projection of the cross from the east gable-end of the church, a 

 horizontal distance of 37J feet from a height of only 32 feet, testifies to 

 the great swing the latter must have acquired before it and the upper 



10 feet of the gable-end were shot away. From the formula v= / ~jj 



where a is the horizontal distance and b is the vertical distance, we 



obtain the value r= 26J feet per second, as the horizontal velocity 



with which theee objects started, as they were flicked or slung off their 



supports. Such velocity is of course a greatly magnified representation 



of that of even the surface wave- motion at this place. 



Coining now to testimony supplied by eye-witnesses as recorded in 



„ t the earthquake forms and newspapers, we find a 



Statements oi eye- * r r * "««* «* 



witnesses. comparatively small number of observations on 



which to work. From those at Dharmsala we seem 

 warranted in believing that there were 1 or 2 gen tie, or preliminary 

 tremors followed by a roar, and then by 2 or :i severe shocks, the 

 second of which was the most disastrous. People were thrown to the 



1 Sec Oldham. Mem. G. S. of I.. Vol. XXIX. Chap. XIV. 



x2 



