Chap. I. THEIR PARENTAGE. ' 25 



master, wag their tails, crouch, and throw themselves on their 

 backs ; they smell at the tails of dogs, and void their urine 

 sideways. 22 A number of excellent naturalists, from the time of 

 Guldenstadt to that of Ehrenberg, Hemprich, and Cretzschmar, 

 have expressed themselves in the strongest terms with respect 

 to the resemblance of the half-domestic dogs of Asia and 

 Egypt to jackals. M. Nordmann, for instance, says, "Les 

 chiens d'Awhasie ressemblent etonnamment a des chacals." 

 Ehrenberg 23 asserts that the domestic dogs of Lower Egypt, 

 and certain mummied dogs, have for their wild type a species 

 of wolf (G. lupaster) of the country; whereas the domestic 

 dogs of Nubia and certain other mummied dogs have the closest 

 relation to a wild species of the same country, viz. C. sabbar, 

 which is only a form of the common jackal. Pallas asserts that 

 jackals and dogs sometimes naturally cross in the East ; and a 

 case is on record in Algeria. 24 The greater number of naturalists 

 divide the jackals of Asia and Africa into several species, but 

 some few rank them all as one. 



I may add that the domestic dogs on the coast of Guinea 

 are fox-like-animals, and are dumb. 25 On the east coast of Africa, 

 between lat. 4° and 6° south, and about ten days' journey in the 

 interior, a semi-domestic dog, as the Kev. S. Erhardt informs 

 me, is kept, which the natives assert is derived from a similar 

 wild animal. Lichtenstein 26 says that the dogs of the Bosjemans 

 present a striking resemblance even in colour (excepting the 

 black stripe down the back) with the C. mesomelas of South 

 Africa. Mr. E. Layard informs me that he has seen a Caffre 

 dog which closely resembled an Esquimaux dog. In Australia 

 the Dingo is both domesticated and wild ; though this animal 

 may have been introduced aboriginally by man, yet it must 

 be considered as almost an endemic form, for its remains have 

 been found in a similar state of preservation and associated with 



22 Giildenstadt, 'Nov. Comment. 'Hist. Nat. Gen.,' torn. iii. p. 177. In 

 Acad. Petrop.,' torn, xx., pro anno both countries it is the male jackal 

 1775, p. 449. which pairs with female domestic dogs. 



23 Quoted by De Blainville in his 25 John Barbut's ' Description of the 

 • Osteographie, Canidse,' pp. 79, 98. Coast of Guinea in 1746.' 



24 See Pallas, in ' Act. Acad. St. 2 « « Travels in South Africa, vol. ii. 

 Petersburgh,' 1780, part ii. p. 91. For p. 272. 



Algeria, see Isid. Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 



