BUD-VARIATION. 373 



ivated 



CHAPTEE XL 



ON BUD-VARIATION, AND ON CERTAIN ANOMALOUS MODES OP 

 REPRODUCTION AND VARIATION. 



BUD-VARIATIONS IN THE PEACH, PLUM, CHERRY, VINE, GOOSEBERRY, CURRANT, AND 

 BANANA, AS SHOWN BY THE MODIFIED FRUIT — IN FLOWERS : CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS, 

 CHRYSANTHEMUMS, ROSES, ETC. ON THE RUNNING OF THE COLOUR IN CAR- 

 NATIONS — BUD- VARIATIONS IN LEAVES — VARIATIONS BY SUCKERS, TUBERS, AND 

 BULBS , — ON THE BREAKING OF TULIPS — BUD-VARIATIONS GRADUATE INTO 

 CHANGES CONSEQUENT ON CHANGED CONDITIONS OF LIFE — CYTISUS ADAMI, ITS 

 ORIGIN AND TRANSFORMATION — ON THE UNION OF TWO DIFFERENT EMBRYOS IN 

 ONE SEED — THE TRIFACIAL ORANGE — ON REVERSION BY BUDS IN HYBRIDS AND 

 MONGRELS — ON THE PRODUCTION OF MODIFIED BUDS BY THE GRAFTING OF ONE 

 VARIETY OR SPECIES ON ANOTHER — ON THE DIRECT OR IMMEDIATE ACTION OF 

 FOREIGN POLLEN ON THE MOTHER-PLANT — ON THE EFFECTS IN FEMALE ANIMALS 



OF A FIRST IMPREGNATION ON THE SUBSEQUENT OFFSPRING CONCLUSION AND 



SUMMARY. 



This chapter will be chiefly devoted to a subject in many 

 respects important, namely, bud-variation. By this term I 

 include all those sudden changes in structure or appearance 

 which occasionally occcur in full-grown plants in their flower- 

 buds or leaf-buds. Gardeners call such changes "Sports;" 

 but this, as previously remarked, is an ill-defined expression, 

 as it has often been applied to strongly marked variations 

 in seedling plants. The difference between seminal and bud 

 reproduction is not so great as it at first appears; for each 

 bud is in one sense a new and distinct individual ; but such 

 individuals are produced through the formation of various kinds 

 of buds without the aid of any special apparatus, whilst fertile 

 seeds are produced by the concourse of the two sexual ele- 

 ments. The modifications which arise through bud-variation 

 can generally be propagated to any extent by grafting, budding, 

 cuttings, bulbs, &c, and occasionally even by seed. Some few 

 of our most beautiful and useful productions have arisen by 

 bud-variation. 



Bud- variations have as yet been observed only in the vegetable 



