The Advance op Prehistoric Humanity 113 



Romans first brought them civilisation. In point of 

 fact, a very promising civilisation was already developing. 

 Bronze weapons and gold ornaments of skilful workman- 

 ship are found amongst the remains, and Stonehenge 

 (built about 1800 or 1700 B.C. on the site of an earlier 

 temple) survives to remind us of the Druidic cult with 

 its beginnings of science and education. The last pre- 

 Roman phase, the " iron age," saw a steadily develop- 

 ing civilisation. How the Roman hand was withdrawn, 

 and Anglo-Saxons and Danes played the vandal, and 

 Norman blood brought a fresh stimulus, is a familiar 

 page in the evolution of England. 



The question of the evolution of languages is just as 

 involved as that of races. A great deal of speculation 

 has been published on the unity of languages, but it must 

 be admitted that the problem is yet unsolved. The 

 so-called Aryan, or Indo-European, languages have been 

 brought together with a good degree of confidence. The 

 Indie (Sanscrit), Iranic (Persian, Afghan, etc.), Anatolic 

 (Armenian, Scythian, Phrygian), Italic (Latin, Umbrian, 

 etc.), Greek, Celtic (Welsh, Breton, Cornish, Erse, 

 Manx, and Gaelic), Teutonic (German, English, Scan- 

 dinavian, etc.), and Balto-Slav (Lithuanian, Lettic, 

 Slav, etc.), are now generally agreed to be developments 

 of one older tongue. The home of this earlier language 

 is now located by most philologists on the plains to the 

 north of the Carpathian Mountains, but there is not the 

 older tendency to conclude that some primitive Indo- 

 European race lived at this spot, and scattered into the 

 localities where we now find the daughter tongues. 

 Race and language are carefully separated in the 

 modern attempt to trace origins and migrations. 

 Beyond this group there is no agreement. Efforts have 

 been made to connect with it the Mongolian, Semitic, 

 and other groups, but the result has not been generally 



