The Terms, Species, Race. 5 1 



radical and primary likeness, one so deep as to be 

 tested by nothing less than a deep-seated physio- 

 logical or vital function, which of course is a radical 

 quality. All physiological qualities are deeper than 

 morphological proportions, or anatomical structure; 

 these latter do not exist but for the former; exter- 

 nal proportions and structure and the organs of 

 life do not exist, but for the vital or physiological 

 functions to be performed through them. If 

 there is any precedence between physiological 

 function and organic structure, it is not the organ 

 that is prior to the function, but the function that 

 is prior to the structure, and is the reason for its 

 existence. 



53. Now, there is a function of reproduction, 

 whereby a living organism reproduces its kind. 

 This is a law in every order of living things: 

 " Like produces like," simile generat simile. If that 

 class only of living beings is called a species, which 

 can unite and reproduce its kind, you see a physi- 

 ological quality is referred to, very different from 

 the external likeness among bottles, which Pro- 

 fessor Cope offers to define species by; or the 

 structural likeness between man and the ape, 

 whereby other Professors suggest that species 

 should rj£ determined. The power of reproduc- 

 ing its kind, or generative productiveness, is the 

 test of species. 



54. In biology, they would illustrate the matter 

 thus. The animal class called the horse has prop- 



