The Facts of Observation. 57 



theory of what is called the descent of species. It 

 is chiefly built up on this argument of analogy. 



60. Now, applying this style of argument to our 

 present subject, we can proceed thus : If, in the 

 species of organisms, whether plant or animal, there 

 can be so many differences among races, without 

 prejudice to the identity of the species under which 

 they are ranged, there can be as great and as many 

 differences among the races of mankind, without 

 any injury to the notion of an identical species 

 containing all. In point of fact, we shall now find 

 the differences among human races to be much less 

 than those noted among animal and other organ- 

 isms. The application, then, of the indirect argu- 

 ment of analogy, brings us face to face with the 

 results of observation; and these furnish the direct 

 argument regarding the human family. 



61. Thus we observe that, in stature, the extreme 

 variation among men is from that of the Patagonian, 

 who averages nearly six feet high, to that Kesults of 

 of the Bushman, only four and a half, Direct Obser- 

 or, as the scientific journals lately report, vatl0u ' 

 that of the Akka tribe, who are apparently but four 

 feet in height. These varieties, which are the ex- 

 treme ones, are to one another as two to three, 

 represented by the ratio two-thirds. Now, on the 

 other hand, in the animal kingdom, the variation in 

 stature is found to be as one to five between the 

 small spaniel and the great St. Bernard, the former 

 being only one-fifth of the latter. Yet that does 



