1 1 2 Species; or, Darwinism. 



the unities and varieties which characterize organic 

 beings, and making up of them all, in their species 

 and genera, a beautiful world; inasmuch as, exclu- 

 sively viewed, the species are different, are out- 

 side of one another; precisely because, inclusively 

 viewed, their physiological characters remain con- 

 stant, and keep each just what it is. There is in 

 them what Mr. Darwin chooses to call a " law of 

 permanent characterization," keeping a species per- 

 manent in its characters. 



124. Indeed, beyond the species, throughout all 

 the genera which comprise them, there is visible a 

 more general likeness, a still wider unity, in func- 

 tion and form, in the elements whether anatomi- 

 cal, chemical or mechanical, — a unity so marked 

 and express, that the schools of evolution, struck 

 by the analogies throughout all nature, are prone 

 to see nothing else there but a solid unity, without 

 the varieties; or, if they will see the varieties, pay 

 such exclusive court to the unity as to reason that 

 all must have come from one, if they are so bound 

 up in one plan. So far the reasoning is correct; 

 because, as the axiom says, multa non reducu?itur 

 ad unum nisi per unum, " Many things are not 

 brought to unity but by a unit," — a unit in the 

 design and in the designer. But they proceed 

 otherwise, and infer that all must have come from 

 one stock, descending thence as in a single family 

 or species. No doubt, if they were of a single 

 family descent, they would be bound up in a unity 



