1 14 Species; or y Darwinism, 



species anywhere else save in agenuine,well-ground- 

 3. a plea for ec * science of biology. It is not the out- 

 (ienuiiie come nor the subject-matter of medical 



observation, for this regards primarily the 

 material human subject, as such, not any species in 

 its subject. It is not familiar to the palaeontolo- 

 gist, who has nothing else to deal with but the bare 

 elements or proportions of fossils or old bones. It 

 is true that, speaking from amidst the narrow re- 

 sources of his own specialty, Professor Cope said 

 to the American Association at Minneapolis: " Bio- 

 logical science is a case of analysis and forms. 

 What the scales are to the chemist and physicist, 

 the rule and measure are to the biologist. It is a 

 question of dimensions." But he was confounding 

 biology with his own department of palaeontology, 

 and so missed the point of the question. For the 

 question of species is evidently a matter of life, not 

 of death. And, if he meant to apply the rule and 

 measure to the things of life, we should like to 

 know the linear dimensions of a live instinct, or 

 the cubic root of heredity and filiation. Finally, 

 species thus described does not come in the way of 

 entomologists, conchologists, etc., who classify what 

 they call species by purely external characters, and 

 treat their insects or shell-fish, even when alive, as 

 they would treat fossils, which are more than de- 

 funct. The question is centred upon a physiolog- 

 ical quality, that called reproductive fertility. And, 

 compared with physiology, all structure and form 



