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  PRIMEVAL 
  MAN. 
  

  

  they 
  desire 
  to 
  produce, 
  or 
  are 
  capable 
  of 
  

   producing, 
  are 
  effected 
  directly 
  by 
  the 
  use 
  

   of 
  those 
  organs 
  under 
  the 
  guidance 
  of 
  

   implanted 
  instincts. 
  There 
  are 
  some 
  very 
  

   curious 
  cases 
  among 
  the 
  lower 
  animals 
  of 
  a 
  

   near 
  approach 
  to 
  the 
  principle 
  involved 
  in 
  

   the 
  use 
  of 
  tools 
  — 
  that 
  is 
  to 
  say, 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  

   natural 
  force 
  through 
  artificial 
  means. 
  Thus 
  

   the 
  common 
  Grey 
  or 
  Hooded 
  Crow 
  is 
  con- 
  

   stantly 
  in 
  the 
  habit 
  of 
  lifting 
  shell-fish 
  to 
  a 
  

   certain 
  height 
  in 
  the 
  air, 
  and 
  then 
  letting 
  

   them 
  fall 
  upon 
  the 
  rocks 
  of 
  the 
  shore, 
  in 
  

   order 
  to 
  break 
  the 
  shells. 
  Some 
  species 
  of 
  

   Monkey 
  will 
  even 
  use 
  any 
  stone 
  which 
  may 
  

   be 
  at 
  hand 
  for 
  the 
  purpose 
  of 
  striking 
  and 
  

   breaking 
  a 
  nut. 
  The 
  Elephant 
  tears 
  branches 
  

   from 
  the 
  trees 
  and 
  uses 
  them 
  as 
  an 
  artificial 
  

  

  