Law of Population 



8 7 



is a recognised practice, we find the birth-rate does not 

 bear its due proportion to the marriage-rate. More- 

 over, the difference in the fecundity of different peoples 

 renders it advisable to measure by the birth-rate 

 rather than by the marriage-rate the movement of 

 population. 



We shall see now from the study of the following 

 table the effect of the high death-rate of Russia, 

 Hungary, and Roumania upon the birth-rate, and be 

 able to compare the results thus obtained with those of 

 other countries in which the death-rate is much lower. 



1879-98. 



Death-rate 

 per 

 1000. 



Birth-rate 

 per 

 1000. 



Natural 

 Increase 

 in two 

 Decades. 



Actual 

 Increase. 



Excess 

 of _ 



Emigration. 



Russia 



Hungary 



Roumania 



Norway 



Sweden 



England 



Prussia 



Netherlands . . . 



France 



Belgium 



34*5 

 32-1 

 29-6 

 16-8 

 167 

 18-8 

 23-6 



20-2 



21-9 



20-2 



487 

 42-2 

 407 

 30-5 

 27-5 

 31-3 



37-2 

 337 



23-3 

 29-9 



% 



25 

 30 



29-8 

 24-8 

 28-9 

 30-2 

 30-9 



3-o 



2I-I 



% 



22-3 

 25-9 



13-8 

 117 

 25-9 

 24-5 

 27-4 



4-4 



2-1 



°/ 

 /o 



27 



4-1 

 16-0 

 131 



3-o 



57 



3-5 



Excess of 

 Immigra- 

 tion. 



1-4 

 807 



No scientific statement can be made from the 

 Russian registration statistics as they are quite un- 

 reliable. The chief fact to be derived from these 

 statistics is, as has been pointed out over and over 

 again, that when the mortality declines from decade to 

 decade, as it tends to do in all civilised communities, 

 the birth-rate experiences a corresponding decline, but 



