92 



Malthusianism and the 



Prussia. 



i 864-1 873 

 1 874-1 883 

 1 884-1 893 

 1 894-1 903 



Population in 

 1903 



Population at 



Beginning of 



Decade. 



24,948,000 

 27,746,000 

 30,830,000 



35,825,000 



Natural 

 Increase. 



3,548,000 

 3,875,000 

 5,174,000 



Actual 

 Increase. 



2,798,000 

 3,084,000 

 4,995,000 



Excess of 

 Emigration 



over 

 Immigration. 



750,000 

 791,000 

 179,000 



The next table contains the number of marriages, 

 deaths, and births annually in 1000 persons, with the 

 rates per cent of the natural and actual increases, and 

 in the last column the proportion of emigrants to the 

 natural increase. 















Proportion 





Marriages. 



Deaths. 



Births. 



Natural 

 Increase. 



Actual 

 Increase. 



of 

 Emi- 

 grants. 











% 



% 



% 



I 864-1 873 



8-8 



27-0 



3 8-2 













I 874-1 883 



8-2 



25-5 



38-9 



I 4 -2 



1 1 -2 



3-o 



I 884-1 893 



8-i 



2 4 -I 



37'3 



I3'9 



II'I 



2-8 



I 894-1 903 



8-2 



20-8 



36-2 



167 



16-2 



°-5 



The death-rates and marriage-rates were quite 

 abnormal in the first of these decades. In 1870-71 the 

 mortality was greatly raised by the war with France : 

 in 1872 it was elevated in an almost equal degree by 

 the numbers dying at home from the effects of wounds 

 and exposure during the campaign. In 1873 came a 

 visitation of cholera, from which Prussia suffered 

 severely. The mortalities of these four years produced 



