Chap. X. APPLES. 371 



is the glory of the orchards near New York: and so it is with 

 several varieties which we have imported from the Continent. On 

 the other hand, our Court of Wick succeeds well under the severe 

 climate of Canada. The Ccdville rouge de Micoud occasionally bears 

 two crops during the same year. The Burr Knot is covered with 

 small excrescences, which emit roots so readily that a branch with 

 blossom-buds may be stuck in the ground, and will root and bear a 

 few fruit even during the first year. 91 Mr. Eivers has recently 

 described 92 some seedlings valuable from their roots running near 

 the surface. One of these seedlings was remarkable from its 

 extremely dwarfed size, "forming itself into a bush only a few 

 inches in height." Many varieties are particularly liable to canker 

 in certain soils. But perhaps the strangest constitutional peculiarity 

 is that the Winter Majetin is not attacked by the mealy bug or 

 coccus; Lindley 93 states that in an orchard in Norfolk infested 

 with these insects the Majetin was quite free, though the stock on 

 which it was grafted was affected : Knight makes a similar state- 

 ment with respect to a cider apple, and adds that he only once 

 saw these insects just above the stock, but that three days after- 

 wards they entirely disappeared ; this apple, however, was raised 

 from a cross between the Golden Harvey and the Siberian Crab ; 

 and the latter, I believe, is considered by some authors as specific- 

 ally distinct. 



The famous St. Valery apple must not be passed over ; the flower 

 has a double calyx with ten divisions, and fourteen styles sur- 

 mounted by conspicuous oblique stigmas, but is destitute of stamens 

 or corolla. The fruit is constricted round the middle, and is formed 

 of five seed-cells, surmounted by nine other cells. 94 Not being 



See also Knight on the Apple-Tree, in New Zealand Institute,' vol. iv., 1871, 



'Transact, of Hort. Soc.,' vol. vi. p. 229. p. 431) raised seedlings of the Siberian 



91 ' Transact. Hort. Soc.,' vol. i. Bitter Sweet for stocks, and he found 

 1812, p. 120. barely one per cent, of them attacked 



92 ' Journal of Horticulture,' March by the coccus. Riley shows (' Fifth 

 13th. 1866, p. 194. Report on Insects of Missouri,' 1873, p. 



93 'Transact. Hort. Soc.,' vol. iv. p. 87) that in the United States some 

 68. For Knight's case, see vol. vi. p. varieties of apples are highly attrac- 

 547. When the coccus first appeared tive to the coccus and others very 

 in this country, it is said (vol. ii. p. little so. Turning to a very different 

 163) that it was more injurious to pest, namely, the caterpillar of a 

 crab-stocks than to the apples grafted moth (Carpocapsa pomonella), Walsh 

 on them. The Majetin apple has been affirms (' The American Entomologist,' 

 found equally free of the coccus at Mel- April, 18r>9, p. 160) that the maiden- 

 bourne in Australia (' Gard. Chron.' blush "is entirely exempt from 

 1871, p. 1065). The wood of this appR-worms." So, it is said, are 

 tree has been there analysed, and it is some few other varieties ; whereas 

 said (but the fact seems a strange one) others are "peculiarly subject to 

 that its ash contained over 50 per the attacks of this little pest." 



cent, of lime, while that of the crab 94 ' Mem. de la Soc. Linn.de Paris,' 



exhibited not quite 23 per cent. torn, iii., 1825, p. 164; and Seringe, 



In Tasmania Mr. Wade ('Transact. 'Bulletin Bot.' 1830, p. 117. 



