466 



THE EVOLUTION OF MAN. 



TABLE X. 



Systematic Survey of the points of connection in form of the Ascidian and 

 Amphioxus on the one side, and the Fishes and Men on the other, in 

 completely developed conditions. 



Developed 



Developed 



Developed 



Developed 



Ascidian. 



Amphioxus. 



Fish. 



Mam,. 



Head and trunk 



Head and trunk 



Head and trunk 



Head and trunk 



not distinct 



not distinct 



distinct 



distinct 



No limbs 



No limbs 



Two pair of limbs 



Two pair of limbs 



No skull 



No skull 



Developed skull 



Developed skull 



No tongue-bone 



No tongue-bone 



Tongue -bone 



Tongue-bone 



No jaw-apparatus 



No jaw-apparatus 



Jaw-apparatus 



Jaw-apparatus 







(upper and 



(upper and 







lower jaws) 



lower jaws) 



No vertebral 



No vertebral 



Articulated verte- 



Articulated verte. 



column 



column 



bral column 



bral column 



No ribs 



No ribs 



Eibs 



Ribs 



Brain undifferen- 



Brain undifferen- 



Brain differen- 



Brain differen- 



tiated 



tiated 



tiated 



tiated 



Eyes rudimentary 



Eyes rudimentary 



Eyes developed 



Eyes developed 



No ear-organ 



No ear.organ 



Ear - organ with 



Ear-organ with 







three semicir- 



three semicir- 







cular canals 



cular canals 



No sympathetic 



No sympathetic 



Sympathetic 



Sympathetic 



nerve 



nerve 



nerve 



nerve 



Intestinal epithe- 



Intestinal epithe- 



Intestinal epithe- 



Intestinal epithe- 



lium ciliated 



lium ciliated 



lium not ciliated 



lium not ciliated 



Simple liver (or 



Simple liver (blind 



Compound liver 



Compound liver 



none) 



intestine) 



gland 



gland 



No ventral sali- 



No ventral sali- 



Ventral salivary 



Ventral salivary 



vary gland 



vary gland 



gland 



gland 



No swimming 



No swimming 



Swimming blad- 



Lungs (swimming 



bladder 



bladder 



der (rudimen- 

 tary lungs) 



bladder) 



Kidneys rudiinen- 



Kidneys rudimen- 



Kidneys deve- 



Kidneys deve- 



tary(?) 



tary (?) 



loped 



loped 



Simple heart 



Simple tubular 



Heart with valves 



Heart with valves 



pouch 



heart 



and chambers 



and chambers 



Blood colourless 



Blood colourless 



Blood red 



Blood red 



No spleen 



No spleen 



Spleen 



Spleen 



Hypobranchial 



Hypobranchial 



Thyroid gland 



Thyroid gland 



groove on gill- 



groove on gill- 







body 



body 







