GLOSSARY. 431 



ANIMALCULE. — A minute animal : generally applied to those visible only by 

 the microscope. 



Annelids. — A class of worms in which the surface of the body exhibits a 

 more or less distinct division into rings or segments, generally provided 

 with appendages for locomotion and with gills. It includes the ordinary 

 marine worms, the earthworms, and the leeches. 



Antennae. — Jointed organs appended to the head in Insects, Crustacea and 

 Centipedes, and not belonging to the mouth. 



Anthers. — The summits of the stamens of flowers, in which the pollen cr 

 fertilising dust is produced. 



Aplacentalia, Aplacentata or Aplacental Mammals. See Mammalia. 



Archetypal. — Of or belonging to the Archetype, or ideal primitive form 

 upon which all the beings of a group seem to be organised. 



Articulata. — A great division of the Animal Kingdom characterised gene ■ 

 rally by having the surface of the body divided into rings, called seg- 

 ments, a greater or less number of which are furnished with jointed legs 

 (such as Insects, Crustaceans and Centipedes). 



Asymmetrical. — Having the two sides unlike. 



Atrophied. — Arrested in development at a very early stage. 



Balanus. — The genus including the common Acorn-shells which live in 

 abundance on the rocks of the sea-coast. 



Batrachians. — A class of animals allied to the Reptiles, but undergoing 

 a peculiar metamorphosis, in which the young animal is generally 

 aquatic and breathes by gills. (Examples, Frogs, Toads, and Newts.) 



Boulders. — Large transported blocks of stone generally imbedded in clays 

 or gravels. 



Brachiopoda. — A class of marine Mollusca, or soft-bodied animals, fur- 

 nished with a bivalve shell, attached to submarine objects by a stalk 

 which passes through an aperture in one of the valves, and furnished 

 with fringed arms, by the action of which food is carried to the 

 mouth. 



Branchle. — Gills or organs for respiration in water. 



Branchial. — Pertaining to gills or branchiae. 



Cambrian System. — A Series of very ancient Palaeozoic rocks, between the 

 Laurentian and the Silurian. Until recently these were regarded as 

 the oldest fossiliferous rocks. 



CaniDjE. — The Dog-family, including the Dog, Wolf, Fox, Jackal, &c. 



Carapace. — The shell enveloping the anterior part of the body in Crusta- 

 ceans generally ; applied also to the hard shelly pieces of the Cirripedes. 



CarbonieerOUS. — This term is applied to the great formation which 

 includes, among other rocks, the coal-measures. It belongs to the 

 oldest, or Palaeozoic, system of formations. 



Caudal. — Of or belonging to the tail. 



Cephalopods. — The highest class of the Mollusca, or soft-bodied animals, 

 characterised by having the mouth surrounded by a greater or less 

 number of fleshy arms or tentacles, which, in most living species, are 

 furnished with sucking-cups. (Examples, Cuttle-fish, Nautilus.) 



Cetacea. — An order of Mammalia, including the Whales, Dolphins, &c., 



