70 B GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 



But one coal- and imbedded with sea-shells. We cannot, therefore, in the areas yet 

 known 8 ° ~ 7 ' 011 examined, look very hopefully for coal seams in any of the beds over- 

 lying the horizon now under discussion. It appears, however, that at 

 the time represented by this horizon the conditions for the deposition 

 of coal were somewhat wide spread. As alreadjr mentioned, the charac- 

 teristic massive carbonaceous shales with lenticular seams of anthracite, 

 occur in the same relation to Subdivision D. some miles up Slate Chuck 

 Creek. Southward they are again found holding anthracite — but, so 

 far as known, broken and impure only— near Salt Spring Itey ; while 

 five and a half miles on a duo south-bearing from Cowgitz is situated 

 the locality previously described, on the channel which leads to the 

 west coast. 

 Direction The definition of the true relation of the coal to series C. and D., as 



proper tor rur , 



ther expiora- above given, will prove an important aid in carrying on further explo- 

 rations in this locality. The junction of these rocks is easily traced, 

 though the precise horizon of the coal is often covered by low land, 

 and it is in following this from place to place, and examining it where 

 necessary by shallow surface work, that the best means of proving the 

 true value of the deposit will be found. Attention may be directed in 

 particular to the thorough exploration of this line on all the little 

 streams flowing into the Long Arm, and also, perhaps, to the east end 

 of Maude Island. The locality about the Cowgitz Mine is exceptionally 

 disturbed, and this by the duplication of the outcrops has no doubt 

 caused an appearance of a great quantity of coal, and supplied fragments 

 in abundance to the gravels of the various brooks. It has added, how- 

 ever, to the difficulty of tracing the seam, and greatly hindered its 

 satisfactory exploration by workings. The great degree of flexure and 

 disturbance has also probably caused the more complete alteration of 

 the coaly matter forming the seam, but the character of the beds on the 

 Long Arm, while more regular, is such as to show that any coal, even 

 if originally bituminous, would probably there also be converted to 

 anthracite. 



Composition of In appearance, the coal resembles the anthracites of some portions 

 of the Carboniferous coal-measures, and in composition compares favor- 

 ably with them. The two following analyses, by Dr. B. J. Harrington 

 are quoted from the Eeport of Progress 1872-73, p. 81. The first is of 

 a specimen from the Hooper Creek tunnel, the second from the so- 

 called three-feet seam. Both were collected by Mr. Eichardson. 



i ii 



Water 1-60 1-89 



Volatile combustible matter 5 02 4*77 



Fixed Carbon 8309 85-76 



Sulphur 1-53 0-89 



Ash 8 76 6-69 



10000 190 00 



