10 D 



GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA. 



Fossiliferous 

 beds. 



Silurian 



of Charlotte. 



Pre-Silurian 

 metamorphic 

 rocks. 



Mistake, the beds are seen to change their course and to extend down 

 the Beach, where a narrow fringe is seen, holding fossils of this age, 

 along the eastern shore from the mouth of Bostwick's Brook to 

 Carter's Point. They are here seen abutting against the older rocks 

 of the Kingston peninsula, and their unconformability is well marked. 

 They probably rest upon the Cambrian beds which are developed along 

 the western shore of the Beach, and which, doubtless, form a synclinal 

 occupying the eastern side of the river, the anticlinal being well 

 marked on Caton's Island, on which the Silurian beds rest unconform- 

 ably. The discovery of the Silurian age of these beds is due to Mr • 

 Matthew, who first found fossils in them at Whelpley's Point, in 

 Elmsdale. The character of the rocks, however, differ from the usual 

 slaty aspect of the Silurian, in being more of the nature of ash beds, 

 resembling in many respects some of the rocks of pre-Cambrian age in 

 the coast range. 



The characters of the Silurian rocks west of the St. John have been 

 already described in the report of 1870-71. They contain abundance of 

 fossils throughout their whole extent from the mouth of Jones' Creek, 

 along the back road and the line of the St. John & Maine (formerly 

 Western Extension) railway. These beds are seen to change their 

 character as they approach the granite, and to become more siliceous 

 and flinty, but the fossils can be easily distinguished even in their 

 altered portions. North of the granite the extension of these beds 

 has been determined in so far as the wooded character of the country 

 would permit. The stratigraphical relations of the fossiliferous Silu- 

 rian to the Siluro-Cambrian, including the dark argillites, indicate that 

 the former belongs to a higher horizon, and it probably lies in basins 

 unconformably upon the latter. 



In Charlotte county the principal areas of Silurian are about the 

 head of Oak Bay, around the eastern and northern shores of Passama- 

 quoddy Bay, and about the islands and peninsula of L'Etang Harbour. 

 The Mascarene series, described in the report of 1870-71 as of uncertain 

 age, has been assigned to this formation on the evidence of fossils 

 found at Pembroke, in the State of Maine. (See report of 1874-75.) 

 In former reports (1875-77) a portion of the Kingston group was 

 assigned to this horizon, but subsequent examinations have referred it 

 back to the Huronian, both on lithological and stratigraphical evi- 

 dence. In so far as our examinations have extended in this province, 

 the metamorphic rocks are generally found to belong to horizons older 

 than Silurian, and when metamorphism has occurred among beds of 

 Silurian age its cause is generally local and the areas limited. More- 

 over, the Silurian beds, wherever met with in the southern and northern 

 portions of the Province, are plainly distinguished by abundance of 



