STUDIES ON INDO-AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA II. 69 



Fam. Nymphalidae. 

 Gen. Cupha Bilb. 



72. C. crameri leonida Fruhst. — 1 9 Coll. Baggelaar. 



75. C. madestes oderca Fruhst. — 110 rfrf and 99 Beaufort River Nov. 1912; 

 Kloofbivak Jan. — March 191 3. 1 rf Coll. Baggelaar. I hâve used hère the names as they are 

 given in „Seitz", where the genus Cupha (Messaras) contains 10 species. Ail thèse species, 

 also C. maeonides Hew., are to be united into one species, which must bear the name of 

 lampetia L. I hâve examined spécimens from Formosa, Nias, Sumatra, Java, Bornéo, Philip- 

 pines, Halmahera, Amboina, Key Islands and from New Guinea anatomically; I hâve namely 

 prepared the nervature, the palpi, antennae and the copulatory-organs and hâve observed 

 thèse parts under the microscope. There îs not to be found one spécifie anatomical différence! 

 Only the pattern and the shape are slightly différent. The model of the pattern also is the 

 same. Between the shapes of the maie copulatory-organs are some différences, but thèse are 

 not specifical; they are not constant and not of great importance, so that the model of the 

 whole apparatus is not changed. Thèse différences must be found in the length of the unci 

 and in the shape of the valvae; the pênes show us the same cuneus but they are différent 

 in size. It is also impossible to divide the characteristics into groups; they pass into one 

 another. This will be the case in many gênera, where the number of the species is much 

 too great, because the récognition of the species is hampered by the geographical appea- 

 rances. There are some more arguments for my contention. The species?, C. madestes Hew. 

 from New Guinea seems to consist only of maie spécimens, the female ones being extremely 

 rare. On the other hand the 99 °f the species?, C. crameri, which also inhabits New Guinea, 

 are common. So my conclusion is, that C. lampetia appears in New Guinea in two forms, 

 namely a lampetia-îorm and an erymanthis-iorm. The 99 appear with some rare exceptions 

 always in the erymanthis-iorm, the cfcT appearing generally in the lampetia-form but also in 

 the erymantkis-îorm. 



The biack forms inhabit the Eastern part of the Indo-Australian région and the light 

 coloured ones the West and North parts. 



Last but not least I must mention a very remarkable spécimen, presented by Mr. • 

 LUDEKING to the Leyden Muséum of Natural History, collected in Sumatra. It is a female 

 Cupka, showing us the colour of erymanthis but a pattern like that of keyana Fruhst. from 

 the Key-islands. The yellow subcostal band is faded and the black apical spot is browner 

 on the anterior wings. On the upperside of the posterior wings we see nearly the same 

 pattern as in keyana but not so dark. On the uilderside both the wings are simply pale 

 brown and pale yellow coloured ; the pattern may be shown more distinctly by a figure, 

 which I hope to publish later on with remarks on this species. I think that we hâve to do 

 hère with a backward leapvariation. In this interesting spécimen the forms of two extrême 

 parts are directly united. 



Writing more on this subject in this place would lead me too far; let it be sufficient for 

 me to hâve pointed out that New Guinea is inhabited by only one species of the genus Cupka. 



