Aluminum by Hydrochloric Acid. 



47 



playing on the surface of the liquid to avoid spattering due to 

 the too violent evolution of the ether and gaseous acid) and 

 finally converting the chloride through the nitrate into the 

 oxide. It is, of course, absolutely necessary that the treatment 

 with nitric acid shall be thorough, so that no zinc chloride may 

 remain to volatilize when the residue is ignited. On account 

 of the danger to platinum from the aqua regia generated by 

 the action of nitric acid on zinc chloride, the evaporations of 

 the filtrates from the aluminum chloride and the treatment with 

 nitric acid were carried on in porcelain and the residual nitrate 

 was transferred to a small crucible for ignition. In this process 

 the porcelain was evidently attacked somewhat, so that the 

 residual nitrate was slightly contaminated with material from 

 the large porcelain dish. This fact accounts for the high results 

 given in the first column of errors. However, on introducing 

 a correction (0*0020) found by carrying through the process in 

 blank with the quantities of reagents employed in the regular 

 process, the results on zinc, slightly deficient, agree closely with 

 those obtained (exps. 3-5, Table 1) where the zinc nitrate was 

 converted directly to the oxide without the previous evaporation 

 in porcelain of a large volume of strongly acid liquid. The 

 errors thus corrected stand in another column of the table. 



These results show clearly that aluminum and zinc may be 

 separated from one another by the action of hydrochloric acid 

 gas in aqueous ethereal solution with a reasonable degree of 

 accuracy. 



Separation of Aluminum from Copper, Mercury and Bismuth. 

 The separation of aluminum from copper, mercury and bis- 

 muth does not differ materially from the separation of alumi- 

 num and zinc. Aluminum chloride is precipitated quantitatively 

 in the presence of pure salts of these elements as shown in 

 experiments of Table II. 



A1 2 3 



taken as 



the chloride. 



grm. 



(1) 0-0576 



(2) 0-0561 



(3) 0-0570 



(4) 0-0548 



(5) 0-0565 



(6) 0057 6 



Table II. 



A1 3 3 . 

 fonnd. 

 grm. 

 0-0571 

 00557 

 0-0574 

 0-0557 

 0-0571 

 0-0577 



Error. 



grm. 

 0-0005- 

 0-0004— 

 0-0004 + 

 0-0009 + 

 0-0006 + 

 0-0001 + 



CuO 

 taken. 



grm. 

 0-0500 

 0-0400 



CuO 

 found, 

 grm. 



Error, 

 grm. 



HgCl 2 Bi 2 3 



taken, taken. 



grm. grm. 



01000 

 0-1000 



01000 

 0-2000 



(7) .... 



(8) .... 

 (9) 



(10) 0-0558 



(11) 0-0538 



(12) 0-0566 



(13) 0-0577 



0-0545 

 0-0536 

 0-0562 

 0-0575 



0013- 

 0-0002- 

 00004 — 

 0-0002- 



0-0437 

 0-0359 

 00345 

 00319 

 0-0343 

 0-0337 

 00651 



00432 

 0-0359 

 0-0340 

 0-0324 

 0-0356 

 0-0349 

 0-0644 



0-0005- 

 00000 

 0-0005 — 

 0-0005 + 

 00013 + 

 0-0012 + 

 0-0007- 



