262 A. E. Ortmann — Climatic zones in Jurassic times. 



reply to Nitikin's objections, regarding the presence of these 

 animals as not conclusive, we must regard this point as very 

 important, as we shall see below. 



III. Neumayr continues in his argument by attempting to 

 prove that these faunistic differences cannot be due to topo- 

 graphical causes. First he says that these three provinces 

 could not be separated from each other by land. This relates 

 especially to the limits between the Mediterranean and Middle- 

 European provinces, while for the Middle-European and 

 Russian provinces it was only partially the case. In the latter, 

 at the formation of the Callovien-beds, first there was an open 

 communication of the seas, later, after the Oxford-group, the 

 Russian basin was closed on the west. We make no objection 

 to this part of Neumayr's views. 



Further Neumayr says that a second cause of a separation 

 can be found in the different depths of the respective seas. 

 Between the Middle-European and the Russian seas such differ- 

 ences are out of the question, because both were seas of 

 shallow water. Between the Middle-European and Mediter- 

 ranean provinces, however, differences of depth were certainly 

 present. At least as regards the Aptychus-Wme&tones, it is 

 sure and generally accepted, that these peculiar deposits were 

 formed in deep water, and further, Neumayr himself concedes 

 that such a supposition has a "certain probability" (1871, p. 

 523) also for the subcarpathian and subalpine localities 

 showing the peculiar Cephalopod-beds of the Mediterranean 

 Jura, since the situation of the latter is an intermediate one 

 between the Aptychus-beds on the one side and the Middle- 

 European deposits on the other " formed in considerably 

 shallower water." In spite of this, he believes that this sup- 

 position is not justified, since in some localities on the northern 

 border of the Mediterranean province, especially near Stram- 

 berg in Moravia, where the Coral-reef facies prevails, among 

 the Ammonites the typical Mediterranean genera, Phylloceras 

 and Zytoceras, predominate. Therefore he concludes (1871, 

 p. 524) : because on certain localities on the northern border 

 of the Mediterranean province corals are found in Cephalopod- 

 beds, differences in depth of the sea cannot be the cause of the 

 faunistic differences of the Mediterranean and Middle-Euro- 

 pean Cephalopod-beds. 



This conclusion is incorrect. From the condition of the 

 Stramberg-strata we learn only, that there is a mixture of the 

 Coral-facies and the Mediterranean Cephalopod-facies.* Neu- 



*Mojsisovics stared once (Verhandl. K. K. geol. Reichsanst, 1867, p. 187, 1868, 

 p. 127 and 438) that even in this locality the Cephalopod-beds and the Sponge 

 and Coral-beds are not mixed up, but that the former underlie the latter. But 



