from the Tertiary of Java. 479 



The three specimens originally described, the tooth, the skull, 

 and the femur, were found at different times in the same 

 horizon, all imbedded in the same volcanic tufa, as indicated in 

 figure 1, D. The tooth was found first, in September, 1891, 

 in the left bank of the river, about a meter below the water 

 level during the dry season, and twelve or fifteen meters below 

 the plain in which the river had cut its bed. A month later, 

 the skull was discovered, only a meter distant from the place 

 where the tooth lay. In August, 1892, the femur also was 

 found, about fifteen meters distant from the locality where the 

 other specimens were imbedded. Later, in October of the 

 same year, a second molar was obtained at a distance of not 

 more than three meters from where the skull-cap was found, 

 and in the direction of the place where the femur was dug out. 



The fossils thus secured were all carefully investigated by 

 Dr. Dubois, who regards them as representing a distinct species 

 and genus, and also a new family, which he has named the 

 Pithecanthropidce, and distinguished mainly by the following 

 characters : 



Brain cavity absolutely larger, and, in proportion to the size 

 of the body, much more capacious than in the Simiidce, yet 

 less so than in the Hominicke. Capacity of the skull about 

 two-thirds the average of that of man. Inclination of the 

 nuchal surface of the occiput considerably greater than in the 

 Simiidce. Dentition, although retrogressive, still of the simian 

 type. Femur equal in its dimensions to that of man, and like 

 that adapted for walking in an upright position. 



Of this skull, the upper portion alone is preserved, the line 

 of fracture extending from the glabella backward irregularly 

 to the occiput, which it divides somewhat below the upper 

 nuchal line. The cranium seen from above is an elongated 

 oval in outline, dolichocephalic ; and is distinguished from that 

 of other anthropoid apes by its large size and its higher arching 

 in the coronal region, as shown below in figure 3. The greatest 

 length from the glabella to the posterior projection of the 

 occiput is 185 mm . The greatest breadth is 130 mm , and the 

 smallest, behind the orbit, is 90 mm . The cranium in its original 

 condition must have been of somewhat larger dimensions. 

 The upper surface of the skull is without ridges, and the 

 sutures all appear to be obliterated. 



This dolicocephalic skull, with an index of 70°, is readily 

 distinguished from that of the Orang-utan, which is decidedly 

 brachycephalic. The absence of the characteristic cranial crests 

 will separate it from the skull of the adult Gorilla. In its 

 smooth upper surface and general form, it shows a resemblance 

 to the skull of the Chimpanzee, and still closer to that of the 

 Gibbons {Hylobates). 



