480 



Marsh — On the Pithecanthropus erectus, 



A figure of the present specimen and the skull of a Gibbon 

 for comparison are shown in figure 2, Plate XIII. These 

 figures and those that follow are reproduced from illustrations 

 in Dr. Dubois's memoirs. 



In comparing the cranium of Pithecanthropus with skulls 

 most nearly allied, both human and simian, the outlines given 

 in figure 3, below, will prove especially instructive. The basis 

 of this cut is the figure given by Dr. Dubois in his Leyden 

 paper. This I have modified by omitting the outline of the 

 microcephalic idiot, and substituting that of the well-known 

 Neanderthal skull.* 



Figure 3. — Profile outline of the skull of Pithecanthropus (Pe), compared 

 with those of a Papuan man, the man of Spy No. 1, Neanderthal man 

 (Nt), man of Spy No. 2, and Hylobates leuciscus (HI), Semnopithecus 

 maurus (Sm), and Anthropopithecus troglodytes (At). (Modified from a 

 figure by Dubois.) 



Gl, glabella ; Op, opisthion ; Jn, linea nuchas superior ; Lni, linea 

 nuchas inferior. 



Dr. Dubois's conception of the skull of Pithecanthropus, 

 when entire, is indicated by his attempted restoration shown in 

 figure 6, on page 481. Future discoveries must determine the 

 accuracy of this restoration. 



* In presetting the present paper before the National Academy of Sciences at 

 Washington. I was fortunately able to exhibit a cast of the Pithecanthropus skull, 

 recently sent to me by Dr. Dubois, and also to compare this with a cast of the 

 Neanderthal skull. The latter was not' available during the discussion at Leyden. 



