﻿140 
  

  

  O. 
  Bams 
  — 
  Continuity 
  of 
  Solid 
  and 
  Liquid. 
  

  

  Table 
  9. 
  — 
  Itoihermals 
  of 
  naphthalene, 
  at 
  130°, 
  referred 
  to 
  -55 
  cm. 
  3 
  at 
  the 
  normal 
  

   melting 
  point. 
  

  

  Time. 
  

  

  Pressure. 
  

  

  R. 
  

  

  ^Volume. 
  1 
  

  

  Time. 
  

  

  Pressure. 
  

  

  R. 
  

  

  kp 
  

   xlO 
  3 
  

  

  Volume. 
  

  

  m. 
  

  

  aim. 
  

  

  ohms. 
  

  

  

  cm 
  3 
  

  

  m. 
  

  

  aim. 
  

  

  ohms. 
  

  

  

  cm. 
  3 
  

  

  5 
  

  

  151 
  

  

  276 
  

  

  * 
  ( 
  

  

  5811) 
  

  

  78 
  

  

  1907 
  

  

  3926 
  

  

  85 
  

  

  •4099 
  

  

  7 
  

  

  464 
  

  

  495 
  

  

  21 
  ( 
  

  

  5586) 
  

  

  84 
  

  

  1880 
  

  

  3950 
  

  

  85 
  

  

  •4091 
  

  

  • 
  11 
  

  

  451 
  

  

  484 
  

  

  20 
  ( 
  

  

  5601) 
  

  

  86 
  

  

  1574 
  

  

  3695 
  

  

  72 
  

  

  •4190 
  

  

  14 
  

  

  921 
  

  

  808 
  

  

  41 
  

  

  5351 
  

  

  96 
  

  

  1575 
  

  

  3695 
  

  

  72 
  

  

  •4190 
  

  

  18 
  

  

  881 
  

  

  770 
  

  

  40 
  

  

  5378 
  

  

  98 
  

  

  1463 
  

  

  2876 
  

  

  65 
  

  

  •4480 
  

  

  35 
  

  

  1338 
  

  

  1057 
  

  

  58 
  

  

  5200 
  

  

  106 
  

  

  1463 
  

  

  1690 
  

  

  65 
  

  

  •4914 
  

  

  37 
  

  

  1336 
  

  

  1057 
  

  

  59 
  i 
  

  

  5200 
  

  

  113 
  

  

  1458 
  

  

  1481 
  

  

  65 
  

  

  •5000 
  

  

  57 
  

  

  1464 
  

  

  1132 
  

  

  65 
  j 
  

  

  5158 
  

  

  123 
  

  

  1456 
  

  

  1490 
  

  

  65 
  

  

  •4996 
  

  

  59 
  

  

  1459 
  

  

  1132 
  

  

  65 
  

  

  5158 
  

  

  125 
  

  

  1245 
  

  

  1021 
  

  

  56 
  

  

  •5220 
  

  

  61 
  

  

  1581 
  

  

  1223 
  

  

  74 
  

  

  5109 
  

  

  ; 
  131 
  

  

  1244 
  

  

  1021 
  

  

  56 
  

  

  •5221 
  

  

  63 
  

  

  1656 
  

  

  1278 
  

  

  74 
  

  

  5083 
  

  

  135 
  

  

  990 
  

  

  845 
  

  

  44 
  

  

  •5327 
  

  

  64 
  

  

  1651 
  

  

  1262 
  

  

  74 
  

  

  5091 
  

  

  139 
  

  

  994 
  

  

  850 
  

  

  44 
  

  

  •5325 
  

  

  65 
  

  

  1737 
  

  

  1329 
  

  

  78 
  

  

  5057 
  : 
  

  

  141 
  

  

  565 
  

  

  565 
  

  

  25 
  

  

  (•5536) 
  

  

  68 
  

  

  1723 
  

  

  1320 
  

  

  78 
  

  

  5061 
  

  

  , 
  145 
  

  

  580 
  

  

  570 
  

  

  26 
  

  

  (•5531) 
  

  

  71 
  

  

  1794 
  

  

  3878 
  

  

  81 
  

  

  4119 
  

  

  148 
  

  

  155 
  

  

  275 
  

  

  7 
  

  

  (•5811) 
  

  

  76 
  

  

  1777 
  

  

  3926 
  

  

  79 
  1 
  

  

  4106 
  i 
  

  

  153 
  

  

  168 
  

  

  289 
  

  

  7 
  

  

  (•5796) 
  

  

  Deductions. 
  

  

  22. 
  Graphic 
  construction. 
  — 
  To 
  obtain 
  a 
  survey 
  over 
  this 
  

   series 
  of 
  individual 
  data, 
  it 
  will 
  be 
  necessary 
  to 
  resort 
  to 
  the 
  

   pictorial 
  method, 
  and 
  to 
  represent 
  volume 
  as 
  a 
  function 
  of 
  

   pressure, 
  under 
  the 
  successive 
  conditions 
  of 
  constant 
  tempera- 
  

   ture. 
  This 
  has 
  been 
  done 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  chart. 
  The 
  ordi- 
  

   nates 
  are 
  volumes 
  (fiducial 
  volume 
  being 
  *5524 
  cm. 
  3 
  at 
  80° 
  

   nearly, 
  and 
  arbitrarily 
  chosen), 
  the 
  abscissas 
  are 
  pressures. 
  

   The 
  temperatures 
  of 
  the 
  isothermals 
  are 
  given 
  at 
  the 
  begin- 
  

   ning 
  and 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  each 
  curve 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  dates 
  or 
  times 
  in 
  

   minutes 
  at 
  which 
  the 
  individual 
  observations 
  were 
  made, 
  are 
  

   shown 
  by 
  small 
  numerals 
  attached 
  to 
  the 
  points. 
  Thus 
  it 
  is 
  

   easily 
  seen 
  whether 
  an 
  observation 
  was 
  taken 
  during 
  the 
  on 
  

   march 
  or 
  the 
  off 
  march 
  of 
  pressure 
  ; 
  but 
  to 
  further 
  facilitate 
  

   inspection 
  arrows 
  are 
  subjoined 
  to 
  the 
  curves, 
  showing 
  their 
  

   drift. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  seen 
  from 
  these 
  figures, 
  that 
  the 
  solid 
  is 
  comparable 
  in 
  

   compressibility 
  with 
  the 
  liquid. 
  On 
  this 
  point, 
  however, 
  I 
  

   shall 
  now 
  place 
  no 
  stress, 
  for 
  reasons 
  repeatedly 
  stated 
  in 
  the 
  

   above 
  paragraphs. 
  §§4, 
  16. 
  

  

  23. 
  Hysteresis. 
  — 
  The 
  inherent 
  character 
  of 
  all 
  these 
  curves 
  

   is 
  phenomenally 
  cyclic, 
  the 
  isothermal 
  pressure 
  necessary 
  to 
  

   solidify 
  naphthalene 
  being 
  at 
  all 
  temperatures 
  decidedly 
  in 
  ex- 
  

   cess 
  of 
  the 
  pressure 
  at 
  which 
  it 
  again 
  liquifies. 
  Thus 
  the 
  

   results 
  which 
  I 
  obtained 
  in 
  other 
  experiments 
  and 
  with 
  other 
  

   substances, 
  some 
  time 
  ago,* 
  are 
  emphatically 
  corroborated. 
  

  

  * 
  This 
  Journal, 
  xxxviii, 
  p. 
  408, 
  1890. 
  The 
  full 
  paper 
  and 
  deductions 
  made 
  

   therein 
  are 
  as 
  yet 
  unpublished. 
  

  

  