﻿146 
  0. 
  Barus 
  — 
  Continuity 
  of 
  Solid 
  and 
  Liquid. 
  

  

  now 
  be 
  discerned, 
  may 
  be 
  placed 
  at 
  (say) 
  50° 
  and 
  (say) 
  — 
  1000 
  

   atm. 
  It 
  is 
  noteworthy, 
  that 
  with 
  the 
  understanding 
  here 
  laid 
  

   down, 
  the 
  normal 
  type 
  of 
  fusion 
  is 
  reached 
  from 
  the 
  ice 
  type, 
  

   in 
  the 
  direction 
  of 
  increasing 
  temperature.* 
  

  

  29. 
  /Solubility 
  and 
  pressure. 
  — 
  In 
  view 
  of 
  the 
  detailed 
  analogy 
  

   which 
  holds 
  between 
  many 
  characters 
  of 
  fusion, 
  and 
  of 
  solu- 
  

   tion, 
  much 
  that 
  can 
  be 
  investigated 
  for 
  the 
  simpler 
  of 
  these 
  

   phenomena 
  (fusion 
  apparently) 
  will 
  be 
  applicable 
  to 
  the 
  other. 
  

   A 
  substance 
  may 
  be 
  transferred 
  from 
  the 
  solid 
  into 
  the 
  liquid 
  

   state 
  either 
  (1) 
  by 
  heating 
  it, 
  or 
  (2) 
  by 
  dissolving 
  it. 
  In 
  gen- 
  

   eral, 
  excess 
  of 
  temperature, 
  or 
  of 
  solvent 
  favor 
  the 
  diminution 
  

   of 
  viscosity 
  here 
  in 
  question. 
  A 
  liquid 
  on 
  the 
  verge 
  of 
  solidi- 
  

   fication 
  or 
  a 
  concentrated 
  solution 
  is 
  solidified 
  or 
  deposits 
  

   solid 
  on 
  cooling; 
  and 
  in 
  both 
  cases 
  the 
  nice 
  adjustment 
  of 
  

   labile 
  molecular 
  equilibrium 
  is 
  accompanied 
  by 
  volume 
  hyster- 
  

   esis, 
  — 
  under-cooling, 
  etc., 
  in 
  the 
  one 
  case, 
  supersaturation, 
  etc., 
  

   in 
  the 
  other. 
  Hence 
  I 
  conclude 
  that 
  if 
  under 
  proper 
  thermal 
  

   conditions 
  pressure 
  alone 
  can 
  solidify 
  a 
  liquid, 
  it 
  can 
  also 
  under 
  

   proper 
  solutional 
  conditions 
  induce 
  crystallization 
  or 
  the 
  deposit 
  

   of 
  solid 
  from 
  solution 
  — 
  thereby 
  trenching 
  upon, 
  or 
  (from 
  a 
  new 
  

   point 
  of 
  departure) 
  approaching 
  the 
  modern 
  chemical 
  doctrines 
  

   which 
  originated, 
  I 
  believe, 
  with 
  van't 
  Hoff. 
  

  

  I 
  am 
  the 
  more 
  justified 
  in 
  drawing 
  these 
  inferences 
  as 
  in 
  my 
  

   last 
  articlef 
  on 
  the 
  solvent 
  action 
  of 
  hot 
  water 
  on 
  glass, 
  I 
  have 
  

   already 
  adduced 
  the 
  necessary 
  evidence. 
  Since 
  from 
  one 
  point 
  

   of 
  view, 
  the 
  isothermal 
  compressibility 
  of 
  silicated 
  water 
  is 
  

   increased 
  proportionally 
  to 
  the 
  time 
  during 
  which 
  the 
  solvent 
  

   action 
  has 
  been 
  going 
  on 
  ; 
  and 
  from 
  another, 
  with 
  the 
  amount 
  

   of 
  basic 
  silicate 
  dissolved, 
  — 
  the 
  deduction 
  is 
  closely 
  at 
  hand, 
  

   that 
  what 
  pressure 
  actually 
  did 
  in 
  this 
  instance, 
  was 
  a 
  mere 
  

   precipitation 
  of 
  a 
  proportionate 
  amount 
  of 
  the 
  dissolved 
  sili- 
  

   cate. 
  The 
  volume 
  changes 
  thence 
  resulting 
  were 
  blindly 
  put 
  

   into 
  computation 
  as 
  increments 
  of 
  compressibility, 
  because 
  the 
  

   precipitated 
  silicate 
  is 
  again 
  dissolved 
  when 
  pressure 
  is 
  with- 
  

   drawn.;}: 
  

  

  * 
  [Added 
  to 
  proof. 
  — 
  Throughout 
  the 
  present 
  paper, 
  I 
  have 
  avoided 
  the 
  discus- 
  

   sion 
  of 
  the 
  isopiestics, 
  since 
  I 
  shall 
  consider 
  them 
  in 
  detail 
  in 
  connection 
  with 
  

   special 
  experiments. 
  It 
  is 
  well 
  to 
  state, 
  however, 
  that 
  the 
  transitional 
  temperature 
  

   is 
  related 
  to 
  the 
  prospective 
  intersection 
  of 
  the 
  prolonged 
  liquid 
  and 
  solid 
  isopies- 
  

   tics, 
  of 
  a 
  given 
  substance, 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  pressure 
  in 
  both 
  cases. 
  Thus 
  a 
  reason 
  

   why 
  hysteresis 
  may 
  vanish 
  is 
  again 
  suggested. 
  A 
  given 
  substance 
  on 
  one 
  side 
  of 
  

   the 
  transitional 
  temperature 
  would 
  differ 
  molecularly 
  from 
  the 
  same 
  substauce 
  on 
  

   the 
  other 
  side.] 
  

  

  f 
  This 
  Journal, 
  xli, 
  p. 
  110, 
  1891. 
  

  

  \ 
  [Added 
  to 
  proof. 
  — 
  In 
  justice 
  to 
  myself 
  let 
  me 
  say 
  that 
  the 
  manuscript 
  left 
  my 
  

   hands 
  on 
  Feb. 
  23d, 
  some 
  live 
  months 
  ago, 
  and 
  before 
  the 
  kindred 
  deductions 
  of 
  

   Orme 
  Masson 
  (Nat. 
  xliii, 
  p. 
  345, 
  1891), 
  or 
  of 
  Ramsay 
  (Nat. 
  xliii. 
  p. 
  589, 
  1891) 
  had 
  

   reached 
  me. 
  I 
  have 
  not 
  in 
  any 
  way 
  altered 
  § 
  29. 
  In 
  fact, 
  what 
  these 
  gentlemen 
  

   have 
  deduced 
  from 
  the 
  solution 
  behavior 
  liquid-liquid, 
  I 
  had 
  legitimately 
  derived 
  

   from 
  the 
  solution 
  behavior 
  solid-liquid, 
  as 
  set 
  forth 
  in 
  my 
  own 
  work. 
  My 
  preced- 
  

  

  