﻿Chemistry. 
  25 
  1 
  

  

  aluminum, 
  sodium 
  or 
  silver. 
  With 
  alcohol 
  and 
  ether 
  it 
  reacts, 
  

   yielding 
  ethyl 
  iodide 
  and 
  ortho-boric 
  acid 
  in 
  the 
  former 
  case 
  and 
  

   ethyl 
  iodide 
  and 
  ethyl 
  ortho-borate 
  in 
  the 
  latter. 
  — 
  C. 
  JR., 
  cxii, 
  

   717; 
  Ber. 
  Berl. 
  Chem. 
  Ges., 
  xxiv, 
  (Ref.) 
  387, 
  May, 
  1891. 
  

  

  G. 
  F. 
  B. 
  

  

  2. 
  On 
  Hydrazine 
  hydrate 
  and 
  the 
  compounds 
  of 
  Diammonium 
  

   with 
  the 
  Halogens. 
  — 
  The 
  researches 
  of 
  Cttrtius 
  and 
  Schttlz 
  have 
  

   shown 
  that 
  hydrazine 
  hydrate 
  N 
  2 
  H 
  4 
  .H 
  2 
  0, 
  prepared 
  by 
  distilling 
  

   the 
  sulphate 
  with 
  potassium 
  hydrate, 
  is 
  a 
  liquid 
  boiling 
  at 
  118-5° 
  

   under 
  739*5 
  mm. 
  pressure 
  and 
  having 
  at 
  21° 
  the 
  specific 
  gravity 
  

   1-0305. 
  Its 
  molecular 
  mass 
  at 
  100° 
  in 
  vacuo 
  is 
  50, 
  corresponding 
  

   to 
  the 
  formula 
  N 
  2 
  H 
  4 
  .H 
  2 
  0. 
  At 
  170° 
  under 
  the 
  ordinary 
  pres- 
  

   sure, 
  the 
  hydrate 
  is 
  completely 
  dissociated 
  into 
  diamide 
  and 
  

   water. 
  At 
  higher 
  temperatures 
  the 
  molecular 
  mass 
  diminishes 
  

   markedly 
  not 
  reaching 
  50 
  again 
  at 
  ordinary 
  pressures 
  even 
  at 
  

   300° 
  to 
  400°. 
  In 
  a 
  lead 
  bath, 
  however, 
  numbers 
  approaching 
  100 
  

   were 
  obtained. 
  Hydrazine 
  hydrate 
  in 
  aqueous 
  solution 
  gave 
  ap- 
  

   proximately 
  the 
  molecular 
  mass 
  68, 
  corresponding 
  to 
  the 
  composi- 
  

   tion 
  N 
  2 
  H 
  4 
  . 
  (H 
  2 
  0) 
  2 
  . 
  Comparing 
  this 
  hydrate 
  with 
  ammonia, 
  as 
  to 
  

   its 
  action 
  on 
  indicators, 
  this 
  action 
  was 
  shown 
  to 
  be 
  as 
  sharp 
  in 
  all 
  

   cases 
  except 
  that 
  of 
  phenol-phthalein. 
  When 
  aqueous 
  solutions 
  of 
  

   hydrazine 
  are 
  neutralized 
  with 
  a 
  haloid 
  acid, 
  and 
  evaporated 
  first 
  

   on 
  the 
  water-bath, 
  then 
  over 
  potassium 
  hydrate, 
  halogen-diam- 
  

   monium 
  salts 
  are 
  formed, 
  by 
  preference 
  with 
  two 
  equivalents 
  of 
  

   acid. 
  The 
  bromide 
  and 
  iodide 
  with 
  one 
  equivalent 
  of 
  acid 
  are 
  

   formed 
  when 
  the 
  free 
  halogen 
  is 
  made 
  to 
  act 
  on 
  an 
  alcoholic 
  solu- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  hydrazine, 
  a 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  hydrazine 
  being 
  decomposed. 
  

   The 
  bi-acid 
  salts 
  crystallize 
  in 
  the 
  regular 
  system, 
  are 
  soluble 
  in 
  

   water, 
  almost 
  insoluble 
  in 
  alcohol. 
  The 
  mon-acicl 
  salts 
  are 
  easily 
  

   soluble 
  in 
  water 
  and 
  warm 
  alcohol. 
  Tri-hydrazine 
  di-iodhydrate 
  

   N 
  6 
  H 
  12 
  . 
  (HI) 
  2 
  is 
  formed 
  when 
  iodine 
  is 
  added 
  to 
  an 
  alcoholic 
  solu- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  hydrazine 
  so 
  long 
  as 
  crystals 
  appear. 
  As 
  to 
  the 
  molecu- 
  

   lar 
  mass 
  of 
  the 
  halogen 
  diammonium 
  compounds 
  in 
  aqueous 
  

   solution, 
  it 
  is 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  with 
  the 
  mono-halogenides, 
  the 
  

   difluoride 
  and 
  the 
  sulphate 
  equal 
  to 
  one-half, 
  with 
  the 
  di-halogen- 
  

   ides 
  generally 
  equal 
  to 
  one-fourth 
  and 
  with 
  the 
  tri-hydrazine 
  

   di-iodhydrate 
  equal 
  to 
  one-fifth 
  the 
  simplest 
  formula. 
  — 
  J. 
  pr. 
  Ch., 
  

   xlii, 
  521; 
  Ber. 
  Berl 
  Chem. 
  Ges., 
  xxiv, 
  (Ref.) 
  256, 
  Apr. 
  1891. 
  

  

  G. 
  F. 
  B. 
  

  

  3. 
  On 
  the 
  Sy?ithesis 
  of 
  Indigo- 
  carmine. 
  — 
  Heymanjst 
  has 
  suc- 
  

   ceeded 
  in 
  effecting 
  the 
  synthesis 
  of 
  indigo-carmine, 
  the 
  disulpho- 
  

   acid 
  of 
  indigo, 
  by 
  acting 
  upon 
  phenyl-glycocoll 
  with 
  fuming 
  

   sulphuric 
  acid. 
  If, 
  for 
  example, 
  phenyl-glycocoll 
  be 
  mixed 
  in 
  a 
  

   test 
  tube 
  with 
  ten 
  to 
  twenty 
  times 
  its 
  mass 
  of 
  fuming 
  sulphuric 
  

   acid 
  containing 
  20 
  to 
  25 
  per 
  cent 
  of 
  sulphuric 
  oxide, 
  and 
  gently 
  

   warmed, 
  it 
  dissolves 
  with 
  a 
  yellow 
  color, 
  evolving 
  sulphurous 
  

   oxide 
  gas. 
  On 
  pouring 
  the 
  solution 
  upon 
  ice, 
  it 
  rapidly 
  assumes 
  

   the 
  greenish 
  blue 
  color 
  of 
  indigo-carmine. 
  For 
  its 
  production, 
  

   the 
  following 
  method 
  gives 
  the 
  best 
  results 
  : 
  One 
  part 
  of 
  phenyl- 
  

   glycocoll 
  is 
  mixed 
  with 
  10 
  to 
  20 
  parts 
  of 
  sand 
  and 
  then 
  intro- 
  

  

  