﻿Chemistry 
  and 
  Physics. 
  339 
  

  

  30 
  mm. 
  thick 
  and 
  50 
  mm. 
  high, 
  contained 
  in 
  a 
  thin 
  glass 
  vessel 
  

   surrounded 
  by 
  three 
  glass 
  beakers 
  to 
  protect 
  it 
  from 
  outside 
  heat, 
  

   it 
  was 
  found 
  possible 
  to 
  maintain 
  it 
  at 
  atmospheric 
  pressure 
  at 
  its 
  

   boiling 
  point 
  —181 
  '4° 
  for 
  half 
  an 
  hour 
  or 
  more; 
  and 
  thus 
  to 
  

   submit 
  it 
  to 
  observation 
  for 
  that 
  time; 
  The 
  four 
  absorption 
  

   bands 
  above 
  mentioned 
  were 
  observed, 
  and 
  in 
  addition 
  a 
  fifth 
  

   band 
  corresponding 
  to 
  the 
  Fraunhofer 
  line 
  A, 
  more 
  intense 
  than 
  

   the 
  band 
  of 
  wave 
  length 
  535 
  but 
  less 
  so 
  than 
  the 
  others. 
  No 
  ab- 
  

   sorption 
  band 
  corresponding 
  to 
  the 
  line 
  B 
  was 
  seen. 
  In 
  1883 
  

   liquid 
  oxygen 
  was 
  described 
  as 
  colorless 
  ; 
  but 
  with 
  larger 
  quan- 
  

   tities, 
  the 
  author 
  has 
  noticed 
  that 
  in 
  a 
  layer 
  of 
  greater 
  thickness 
  

   than 
  15 
  mm., 
  it 
  has 
  a 
  distinct 
  blue 
  color 
  by 
  transmitted 
  light. 
  

   Since 
  special 
  care 
  was 
  taken 
  in 
  the 
  purification 
  of 
  the 
  gas, 
  and 
  

   since 
  ozone 
  was 
  proved 
  to 
  be 
  absent, 
  the 
  author 
  believes 
  this 
  color 
  

   to 
  be 
  characteristic 
  of 
  liquid 
  oxygen. 
  Moreover, 
  he 
  suggests 
  

   that 
  the 
  blue 
  color 
  of 
  the 
  sky 
  may 
  be 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  oxygen 
  in 
  the 
  

   atmosphere. 
  — 
  Ann. 
  JPhys. 
  Chem., 
  II, 
  xlii, 
  663 
  ; 
  J. 
  Chem. 
  Soc, 
  lx, 
  

   773, 
  July, 
  1891. 
  g. 
  f. 
  b. 
  

  

  2. 
  On 
  the 
  Production 
  of 
  Ozone 
  in 
  Rapid 
  Combustion. 
  — 
  The 
  

   statement 
  of 
  Ilosvay 
  that 
  ozone 
  is 
  not 
  produced 
  in 
  rapid 
  com- 
  

   bustion 
  having 
  been 
  questioned, 
  he 
  has 
  reexamined 
  the 
  matter 
  

   and 
  concludes 
  that 
  the 
  tests 
  by 
  which 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  the 
  ozone 
  

   was 
  established 
  by 
  Loew 
  and 
  Cundall 
  were 
  not 
  satisfactory. 
  He 
  

   finds 
  that 
  neither 
  in 
  the 
  products 
  of 
  combustion 
  nor 
  in 
  the 
  air 
  

   taken 
  from 
  around 
  a 
  flame 
  is 
  any 
  substance 
  present 
  which 
  (1) 
  

   gives 
  the 
  odor 
  of 
  ozone, 
  (2) 
  renders 
  thallous 
  oxide 
  paper 
  brown, 
  

   or 
  (3) 
  permanently 
  decolorizes 
  a 
  solution 
  of 
  sulphophenyl-azo-a:- 
  

   naphthylamine 
  so 
  that 
  naphthylamine 
  no 
  longer 
  restores 
  the 
  

   color. 
  By 
  carefully 
  depriving 
  the 
  gas 
  used 
  of 
  sulphur 
  compounds, 
  

   he 
  obtained 
  in 
  only 
  a 
  single 
  experiment 
  a 
  reaction 
  with 
  thallous 
  

   oxide 
  paper 
  ; 
  and 
  this 
  after 
  about 
  seven 
  hours. 
  Taking 
  special 
  

   precautions 
  to 
  keep 
  the 
  temperature 
  of 
  the 
  flame 
  low, 
  however, 
  

   and 
  employing 
  a 
  special 
  collecting 
  apparatus, 
  he 
  obtained 
  the 
  

   thallous 
  oxide 
  reaction 
  in 
  about 
  4 
  to 
  5 
  minutes 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  re- 
  

   action 
  in 
  10 
  to 
  15 
  minutes. 
  Examined 
  in 
  this 
  way 
  the 
  author 
  

   finds 
  the 
  flame 
  of 
  methane 
  to 
  give 
  less, 
  the 
  flames 
  of 
  hydrogen 
  

   and 
  carbon 
  monoxide 
  more 
  ozone 
  than 
  that 
  of 
  illuminating 
  gas. 
  

   Moreover 
  it 
  appears 
  that 
  the 
  relative 
  amounts 
  of 
  nitrous 
  acid 
  and 
  

   ozone 
  formed 
  by 
  a 
  flame 
  depend 
  upon 
  its 
  temperature 
  and 
  upon 
  

   its 
  surface 
  ; 
  the 
  ozone 
  formation 
  being 
  favored 
  by 
  a 
  low 
  temper- 
  

   ature. 
  Oxygen 
  did 
  not 
  give 
  as 
  good 
  results 
  as 
  air. 
  Even 
  if 
  the 
  

   oxygen 
  is 
  partially 
  converted 
  into 
  ozone 
  by 
  blowing 
  a 
  current 
  of 
  

   this 
  gas 
  or 
  of 
  air 
  on 
  a 
  flame, 
  this 
  fact 
  the 
  author 
  thinks 
  does 
  not 
  

   contradict 
  his 
  statement 
  that 
  ozone 
  is 
  not 
  formed 
  during 
  rapid 
  

   combustion. 
  These 
  results 
  agree 
  with 
  those 
  of 
  Dewar 
  and 
  those 
  

   of 
  Elster 
  and 
  Geitel. 
  The 
  former 
  chemist 
  ozonized 
  oxygen 
  by 
  

   passing 
  it 
  over 
  white 
  hot 
  platinum. 
  Since 
  therefore 
  the 
  condi- 
  

   tions 
  essential 
  to 
  the 
  production 
  of 
  ozone 
  are 
  not 
  present 
  in 
  ordi- 
  

   nary 
  combination, 
  this 
  cannot 
  be 
  the 
  source 
  of 
  the 
  ozone 
  of 
  the 
  

   atmosphere. 
  — 
  Bull. 
  Soc. 
  Chim., 
  Ill, 
  iv, 
  707 
  ; 
  J. 
  Chem. 
  Soc, 
  lx, 
  

   798, 
  July, 
  1891. 
  G. 
  f. 
  b. 
  

  

  