﻿JR. 
  E. 
  Call 
  — 
  Silicijied 
  Woods 
  of 
  Eastern 
  Arkansas. 
  395 
  

  

  Camden, 
  Ouachita 
  county 
  ; 
  near 
  Red 
  Land, 
  Cleveland 
  county 
  ; 
  

   at 
  Red 
  Bluff, 
  Jefferson 
  county 
  ; 
  at 
  Helena, 
  Forrest 
  City, 
  Witts- 
  

   burg, 
  Wynne, 
  Harrisburg, 
  Jonesboro, 
  Gainesville, 
  Boydsville, 
  

   and 
  St. 
  Francis 
  in 
  the 
  country 
  traversed 
  by 
  Crowley's 
  Ridge 
  

   in 
  the 
  eastern 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  State. 
  All 
  of 
  these 
  localities 
  have 
  

   furnished 
  examples 
  of 
  silicified 
  wood 
  from 
  large 
  logs 
  or 
  stumps 
  

   in 
  place 
  and 
  always 
  imbedded 
  in 
  Tertiary 
  sands 
  or 
  gravels. 
  

   It 
  is 
  a 
  remarkable 
  fact 
  that 
  hitherto, 
  in 
  Arkansas, 
  silicified 
  

   woods 
  have 
  been 
  seen 
  but 
  very 
  rarely 
  in 
  the 
  Tertiary 
  clays. 
  

   At 
  all 
  the 
  localities 
  mentioned 
  above, 
  except 
  one, 
  the 
  wood 
  is 
  

   found 
  only 
  in 
  gravels 
  or 
  sands, 
  in 
  situ, 
  or 
  in 
  redeposited 
  gravels 
  

   and 
  sands 
  in 
  the 
  low 
  valleys. 
  

  

  The 
  geological 
  section 
  of 
  the 
  Crowley's 
  Ridge 
  region, 
  to 
  

   which 
  area 
  this 
  paper 
  especially 
  refers, 
  shows 
  the 
  following 
  

   sequence, 
  seen 
  in 
  the 
  generalized 
  section 
  in 
  St. 
  Francis 
  county 
  

   which 
  is 
  characteristic 
  for 
  the 
  southern 
  portion. 
  

  

  Generalized 
  Southern 
  Section 
  on 
  Little 
  Grow 
  Greek. 
  

  

  1. 
  A 
  loess 
  soil, 
  with 
  enough 
  sand 
  to 
  render 
  it 
  decidedly 
  siliceous. 
  

  

  This 
  is 
  the 
  surface 
  member 
  and 
  is 
  usually 
  of 
  but 
  little 
  depth. 
  

  

  2. 
  Typical 
  loess, 
  varying 
  in 
  depth 
  from 
  thirty 
  to 
  ninety 
  feet, 
  

  

  eroding 
  rapidly, 
  and 
  presenting 
  a 
  characteristic 
  loess 
  topog- 
  

   raphy. 
  This 
  member 
  caps 
  the 
  ridge 
  even 
  at 
  its 
  highest 
  

   points. 
  

  

  3. 
  A 
  clayey, 
  pebble-bearing, 
  bluish 
  or 
  otherwise 
  dark 
  colored 
  

  

  loess 
  clay 
  which 
  forms 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  typical 
  loess 
  deposits 
  

   and 
  probably 
  marks 
  the 
  first 
  stage 
  in 
  the 
  loess 
  deposition. 
  

   This 
  member 
  varies 
  somewhat 
  in 
  different 
  localities, 
  being 
  

   often 
  quite 
  thin 
  and 
  is 
  even 
  sometimes 
  wanting. 
  The 
  peb- 
  

   bles 
  are 
  most 
  abundant 
  in 
  the 
  lowermost 
  portion. 
  

  

  4. 
  Orange-colored 
  gravels, 
  irregular 
  in 
  thickness, 
  rudely 
  stratified, 
  

  

  sometimes 
  well 
  assorted 
  so 
  that 
  only 
  coarse 
  gravels, 
  or 
  vice 
  

   versa, 
  are 
  seen 
  ; 
  there 
  are 
  occasional 
  pockets 
  or 
  lenses 
  of 
  

   sand 
  derived 
  from 
  the 
  underlying 
  member. 
  In 
  rare 
  instances 
  

   this 
  bed 
  lies 
  directly 
  upon 
  the 
  clays. 
  Silicified 
  coniferous 
  

   wood 
  often 
  occurs 
  in 
  this 
  member. 
  

  

  5. 
  Party-colored 
  sands, 
  of 
  variable 
  fineness, 
  often 
  quite 
  irregu- 
  

  

  larly 
  stratified, 
  sometimes 
  overlying 
  the 
  pebble 
  bed 
  but 
  

   usually 
  occurring 
  underneath 
  it. 
  The 
  sand 
  grains 
  are 
  well 
  

   rounded. 
  There 
  are 
  occasional 
  masses 
  or 
  pockets 
  of 
  red, 
  

   drab, 
  white, 
  or 
  yellow 
  pipe 
  clay. 
  

  

  6. 
  Blue, 
  black 
  or 
  drab 
  clays, 
  horizontally 
  stratified, 
  with 
  hmall 
  

  

  sometimes 
  large 
  pieces 
  of 
  coniferous 
  lignite. 
  This 
  member 
  

   constitutes 
  the 
  greater 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  body 
  of 
  the 
  ridge. 
  

   Along 
  its 
  margin 
  it 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  seen 
  only 
  in 
  the 
  deepest 
  ravines, 
  

   or 
  along 
  the 
  St. 
  Francis 
  and 
  such 
  of 
  its 
  small 
  tributaries 
  as 
  

   flow 
  from 
  the 
  ridge. 
  It 
  is 
  often 
  penetrated 
  in 
  deep 
  wells, 
  as 
  

   at 
  Forrest 
  City, 
  and 
  underlies 
  the 
  whole 
  region. 
  The 
  lower 
  

   exposed 
  portion 
  is 
  fossiliferous, 
  the 
  fossils 
  are 
  marine, 
  and 
  

   Claibornian 
  in 
  age. 
  The 
  clays 
  are 
  therefore 
  Eocene 
  Tertiary. 
  

  

  