﻿A. 
  Cary 
  — 
  Geological 
  facts 
  on 
  Grand 
  River, 
  Labrador. 
  421 
  

  

  cleared 
  out. 
  From 
  one 
  to 
  three 
  miles 
  wide, 
  it 
  contracts 
  to 
  

   about 
  a 
  quarter 
  mile 
  at 
  its 
  outlet, 
  where 
  the 
  current 
  passes 
  out 
  

   between 
  perpendicular 
  rocky 
  bluffs, 
  the 
  talus 
  from 
  which 
  

   serves 
  in 
  part 
  to 
  dam 
  up 
  the 
  water. 
  

  

  Of 
  the 
  geological 
  features 
  observed 
  on 
  this 
  river 
  the 
  great 
  

   canon 
  at 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  our 
  travel 
  is 
  judged 
  the 
  most 
  remarkable. 
  

   At 
  the 
  upper 
  end 
  of 
  this 
  structure 
  the 
  river, 
  which 
  above 
  

   here 
  has 
  been 
  flowing 
  on 
  the 
  plateau 
  level, 
  makes 
  an 
  abrupt 
  

   drop 
  and 
  flows 
  off 
  with 
  many 
  sharp 
  turns, 
  a 
  succession 
  of 
  falls 
  

   and 
  rapids, 
  between 
  abrupt 
  walls. 
  These 
  walls, 
  without 
  a 
  

   single 
  break, 
  continue 
  for 
  20 
  miles, 
  during 
  which 
  they 
  are 
  

   very 
  often 
  absolutely 
  perpendicular, 
  and 
  at 
  few 
  points 
  so 
  slop- 
  

   ing 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  possible 
  to 
  reach 
  the 
  river's 
  bed 
  on 
  foot. 
  About 
  

   100 
  yards 
  wide 
  at 
  the 
  bottom, 
  the 
  gorge 
  at 
  its 
  head 
  is 
  150 
  feet 
  

   deep, 
  at 
  its 
  foot 
  as 
  much 
  as 
  800. 
  Grand 
  in 
  dimensions 
  and 
  

   unique 
  in 
  character 
  as 
  is 
  this 
  gorge, 
  it 
  has 
  never 
  been 
  appre- 
  

   ciated 
  by 
  the 
  few 
  men 
  who 
  have 
  seen 
  it. 
  We 
  suggest 
  for 
  it 
  

   the 
  name 
  " 
  Bowdoin 
  Canon." 
  

  

  At 
  its 
  mouth 
  the 
  canon 
  opens 
  into 
  the 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  river 
  val- 
  

   ley 
  described 
  above 
  aud 
  at 
  right 
  angles 
  to 
  it. 
  The 
  difference 
  

   in 
  structure 
  here 
  is 
  very 
  marked. 
  The 
  broader 
  valley 
  extends 
  

   both 
  ways 
  the 
  same 
  in 
  direction 
  and 
  character 
  ; 
  but 
  while, 
  as 
  

   seems 
  probable, 
  the 
  main 
  drainage 
  of 
  the 
  country 
  flowed 
  origi- 
  

   nally 
  through 
  this 
  channel, 
  it 
  now 
  holds 
  but 
  a 
  small 
  stream 
  

   compared 
  with 
  the 
  volume 
  pouring 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  canon. 
  

  

  Several 
  interesting 
  facts 
  were 
  noted 
  at 
  the 
  fall 
  which 
  seem 
  

   to 
  determine 
  its 
  present 
  position. 
  The 
  river 
  above 
  this 
  point 
  

   is 
  flowing 
  on 
  a 
  hard, 
  moderately 
  coarse 
  syenite 
  which 
  is 
  hori- 
  

   zontally 
  jointed. 
  At 
  the 
  crown 
  of 
  the 
  fall 
  the 
  jointing, 
  as 
  is 
  

   shown 
  by 
  a 
  very 
  plain 
  section, 
  takes 
  a 
  gradual 
  curve. 
  This 
  

   curve 
  the 
  water 
  follows 
  downward 
  until 
  having 
  reached 
  a 
  very 
  

   considerable 
  angle, 
  it 
  takes 
  a 
  perpendicular 
  drop. 
  The 
  walls 
  

   of 
  the 
  basin 
  into 
  which 
  the 
  river 
  falls, 
  while 
  inaccessible 
  to 
  

   close 
  inspection, 
  were 
  intersected 
  by 
  what 
  appeared 
  to 
  be 
  two 
  

   or 
  three 
  trap 
  dikes 
  ; 
  while 
  just 
  here 
  also 
  was 
  a 
  region 
  of 
  

   special 
  jointing 
  and 
  seaming. 
  Somewhat 
  below 
  the 
  fall 
  the 
  

   rock 
  was 
  noted 
  as 
  having 
  changed 
  to 
  a 
  syenitic 
  gneiss. 
  Our 
  

   party 
  spent 
  four 
  days 
  in 
  travel 
  on 
  the 
  plateau 
  in 
  the 
  neighbor- 
  

   hood 
  of 
  the 
  fall 
  and 
  canon. 
  So 
  far 
  as 
  observed 
  the 
  plateau 
  

   surface 
  is 
  worn 
  down 
  to 
  a 
  pretty 
  even 
  general 
  level 
  with 
  per- 
  

   petual 
  minor 
  elevations 
  and 
  depressions. 
  Almost 
  its 
  whole 
  

   surface 
  is 
  covered 
  with 
  angular 
  bowlders. 
  One 
  rounded 
  hill, 
  

   from 
  500 
  to 
  800 
  feet 
  in 
  height 
  was 
  ascended, 
  by 
  far 
  the 
  highest 
  

   elevation 
  in 
  a 
  radius 
  of 
  many 
  miles. 
  It 
  was 
  christened 
  by 
  the 
  

   party 
  Mount 
  Hyde. 
  Glacial 
  markings 
  and 
  bowlders 
  were 
  

   found 
  on 
  its 
  summit. 
  

  

  