THE TRIASSIC PERIOD. 



41 



of the Carboniferous trees. The group figure (Fig. 338) embraces 

 characteristic forms from the Newark formation. A few plant fossils 

 have been recovered from New Mexico, Arizona, and California (Taylors- 



Fig. 338. — A group ofTriassic gymnosperms from the Atlantic coast. Conifers: 

 a, Palissya sphenolepis Brong., a form closely allied to Walchia; b, Cheirolepis 

 muensteri Schimp.; c, Brachyphyllum yorkense Font.; d, Schizolepis liaso-keu- 

 perinus Braun. Cycadeans: e, Zamites yorkensis Font.; /, Zamites pennsylvanicus 

 Font.; g, Cycadeospermum \Oanneri Font.; h, Cycadeoida emmonsi Font.; i, Oto- 

 zamites carolinensis Font.; /, Podozamites tenuistriahts Font. 



ville). Limited coal deposits were formed in Germany and Scandi- 

 navia, from the latter of which 150 species of plants have been recovered. 1 



The Land Animals. 



All evidences point to complete continuity between the Permian 

 and Triassic land animals. The vicissitudes of shifting aridity and 

 other changeable conditions seem to have markedly affected both 

 periods, but not to have put barriers between them; rather to have 

 made adaptation to the one a fitting preparation for continued 

 evolution in the other. The record probably does not show, however, 

 the land animals most affected by the vicissitudes of the Permian 

 and Triassic climates, but rather those which frequented the water- 



1 For general treatment of Triassic plants see Zeiler's and Potonie's treatises, pre- 

 viouslv referred to. 



